Abstract.
Mineral
dust
aerosol
is
an
important
contributor
to
the
Earth
climate
system
and
correct
representation
of
its
size
distribution
fundamental
for
shaping
current
state
evolution
climate.
Despite
many
observational
data
are
available
in
literature,
using
this
body
information
proper
guide
development
validation
models
remote
sensing
retrievals
remains
challenging.
This
due
diverse
nature
different
data,
both
terms
measurement
methods,
diameter
definitions,
sampled
concentrations
treatments,
leading
inherent
heterogeneities.
In
study
we
collect,
evaluate,
harmonize,
synthetize
58
from
past
50
years
situ
field
observations
with
aim
providing
a
consistent
dataset
community
use
constraining
across
lifecycle.
Four
levels
(LEV)
treatment
defined,
going
original
(LEV0),
interpolated
normalized
on
standardized
path
(LEV1),
which
particle
diameters
converted
into
common
geometrical
definition
under
spherical
(LEV2a)
aspherical
(LEV2b)
assumptions.
Size
distributions
classified
be
representative
emission/source
(SOURCE,
<1
day
emission;
number
datasets
category,
N=12),
mid−range
transport
(MRT,
1−4
days
transport;
N=36)
long−range
(LRT,
>4
N=10).
The
harmonized
shows
features
shape
suggesting
conservation
airborne
particles
time:
main
mode
located
at
~10
µm
(in
volume)
observed
SOURCE
dust,
decreasing
~5
~2
MRT
LRT
conditions,
respectively,
additional
becomes
evident
below
0.4
µm.
Data
three
(LEV1,
LEV2a,
LEV2b)
categories
MRT,
LRT),
together
statistical
metrics
(mean,
median,
25
%
75
percentiles,
standard
deviation)
made
available
as:
(https://doi.org/10.57932/58dbe908-9394-4504-9099-74a3e77140e9;
Formenti
Di
Biagio,
2023a);
(https://doi.org/10.57932/31f2adf7-74fb-48e8-a3ef-059f663c47f1;
2023b);
href="https://doi.org/10.57932/17dc781c-3e9d-4908-85b5-5c99e68e8f79"
rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.57932/17dc781c-3e9d-4908-85b5-5c99e68e8f79;
2023c).
Aeolian Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
60, P. 100849 - 100849
Published: Dec. 16, 2022
Mineral
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
atmosphere
span
more
than
three
orders
of
magnitude
diameter,
from
<0.1
µm
to
100
µm.
This
wide
size
range
makes
a
unique
aerosol
species
with
ability
interact
many
aspects
Earth
system,
including
radiation,
clouds,
hydrology,
atmospheric
chemistry,
and
biogeochemistry.
review
focuses
on
coarse
super-coarse
aerosols,
which
we
respectively
define
as
diameter
2.5–10
10–62.5
We
several
lines
observational
evidence
indicating
that
are
transported
farther
previously
expected
abundance
these
is
substantially
underestimated
current
global
models.
synthesize
previous
studies
used
observations,
theories,
model
simulations
highlight
impacts
aerosols
their
effects
dust-radiation
interactions,
dust-cloud
Specifically,
produce
net
positive
direct
radiative
effect
(warming)
at
top
can
modify
temperature
water
vapor
profiles,
influencing
distribution
clouds
precipitation.
In
addition,
contribute
substantial
fraction
ice-nucleating
particles,
especially
temperatures
above
–23
°C.
They
also
available
reactive
surfaces
for
processing
deposition
flux
land
ocean
biogeochemistry
by
supplying
important
nutrients
such
iron
phosphorus.
Furthermore,
examine
limitations
representation
remote-sensing
retrievals.
Because
uncertainties
simulating
offer
some
recommendations
facilitate
future
studies.
Overall,
conclude
an
accurate
properties
critical
understanding
system.
Geophysical Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
49(8)
Published: April 12, 2022
Aircraft
measurement
campaigns
have
revealed
that
super
coarse
dust
(diameter
>10
μm)
surprisingly
accounts
for
approximately
a
quarter
of
aerosols
by
mass
in
the
atmosphere.
However,
most
global
aerosol
models
either
underestimate
or
do
not
include
abundance.
To
address
this
problem,
we
use
brittle
fragmentation
theory
to
develop
parameterization
emitted
size
distribution
includes
emission
dust.
We
implement
Community
Earth
System
Model
(CESM)
and
find
it
brings
model
good
agreement
with
aircraft
measurements
close
source
regions.
CESM
still
underestimates
outflow
Thus,
conclude
underestimation
atmospheric
is
part
due
likely
errors
deposition
processes.
EarthArXiv (California Digital Library),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 31, 2022
Mineral
dust
particles
suspended
in
the
atmosphere
span
more
than
three
orders
of
magnitude
diameter,
from
less
0.1
µm
to
100
µm.
This
wide
size
range
makes
a
unique
aerosol
species
with
ability
interact
many
aspects
Earth
system,
including
radiation,
clouds,
hydrology,
atmospheric
chemistry,
and
biogeochemistry.
review
focuses
on
coarse
super-coarse
aerosols,
which
we
respectively
define
as
diameter
between
2.5
-
10
62.5
We
several
lines
observational
evidence
indicating
that
are
transported
farther
previously
expected
abundance
these
is
substantially
underestimated
current
global
models.
synthesize
previous
studies
used
observations,
theories,
model
simulations
highlight
impacts
aerosols
their
effects
dust-radiation
interactions,
dust-cloud
In
addition,
examine
limitations
representation
remote-sensing
retrievals.
Because
contribute
uncertainties
simulating
offer
some
recommendations
facilitate
future
studies.
Overall,
conclude
an
accurate
properties
critical
understanding
overall
system.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(4), P. 2557 - 2577
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
Abstract.
Most
global
aerosol
models
approximate
dust
as
spherical
particles,
whereas
most
remote
sensing
retrieval
algorithms
spheroidal
particles
with
a
shape
distribution
that
conflicts
measurements.
These
inconsistent
and
inaccurate
assumptions
generate
biases
in
single-scattering
properties.
Here,
we
obtain
properties
by
approximating
triaxial
ellipsoidal
observationally
constrained
distributions.
We
find
that,
relative
to
the
optics
obtained
here,
used
underestimate
albedo,
mass
extinction
efficiency,
asymmetry
parameter
for
almost
all
sizes
both
shortwave
longwave
spectra.
further
are
substantially
better
agreement
observations
of
scattering
matrix
linear
depolarization
ratio
than
algorithms.
However,
observations,
overestimate
lidar
underestimating
backscattering
intensity
factor
∼2.
This
occurs
largely
because
computational
method
simulate
(i.e.,
improved
geometric
method)
underestimates
∼2
other
methods
(e.g.,
physical
method).
conclude
distributions
can
help
improve
possibly
do
not
use
signal.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(18), P. 12727 - 12748
Published: Sept. 29, 2022
Abstract.
Dust
particles
larger
than
20
µm
in
diameter
have
been
regularly
observed
to
remain
airborne
during
long-range
transport.
In
this
work,
we
modify
the
parameterization
of
mineral
dust
cycle
GOCART-AFWA
scheme
WRFV4.2.1
also
include
such
coarse
and
giant
particles,
further
discuss
underlying
misrepresented
physical
mechanisms
which
hamper
model
reproducing
adequately
transport
particles.
The
initial
particle
size
distribution
is
constrained
by
observations
over
desert
sources.
Furthermore,
Stokes
drag
coefficient
has
updated
account
for
realistic
sizes
(Re
<
105).
new
code
was
applied
simulate
Cabo
Verde
August
2015
(AER-D
campaign).
Model
results
are
evaluated
against
measurements
CALIPSO-LIVAS
pure
product.
show
that
modeled
lifetimes
coarser
shorter
those
observed.
Several
sensitivity
runs
performed
reducing
artificially
particles'
settling
velocities
order
compensate
underrepresented
mechanisms,
as
non-spherical
aerodynamics,
relevant
schemes.
Our
simulations
reveal
with
diameters
5.5–17
40–100
better
represented
under
assumption
an
80
%
reduction
velocity
(UR80),
while
ranging
between
17
40
a
60
(UR60)
scenario.
overall
statistical
analysis
indicates
best
agreement
situ
downwind
(Cabo
Verde)
achieved
(UR40).
Moreover,
UR80
experiment
improves
representation
vertical
structure
layers
captured
vertically
resolved
observations.
current
study
highlights
necessity
upgrading
existing
schemes
life-cycle
components
towards
improving
assessment
dust-related
impacts
within
Earth–atmosphere
system.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(19), P. 13115 - 13135
Published: Oct. 12, 2022
Abstract.
The
role
of
mineral
dust
aerosol
in
the
global
radiative
energy
budget
is
often
quantified
by
direct
effect
(DRE).
DRE
strongly
depends
on
optical
depth
(DAOD),
therefore,
efficiency
(DREE
=
/
DAOD)
widely
compared
across
different
studies
to
eliminate
differences
due
various
loads.
Nevertheless,
DREE
still
influenced
uncertainties
associated
with
particle
size
distribution
(PSD)
and
properties.
In
this
study,
we
derive
a
clear-sky
size-resolved
dataset
both
shortwave
(SW)
longwave
(LW)
at
top
atmosphere
(TOA)
surface
based
satellite
observations
(i.e.,
satellite-retrieved
extinction
spatial
vertical
distributions).
dataset,
geometric
diameter
from
0.1
100
µm
divided
into
10
bins
corresponding
monthly
mean
(with
respect
DAOD
532
nm)
for
each
bin
derived
using
Rapid
Radiative
Transfer
Model
(RRTM).
Three
sets
state
art
refractive
indices
(RI)
two
shape
models
(sphere
vs.
spheroid)
are
adopted
investigate
sensitivity
absorption
shape.
As
result,
contains
globally
distributed
TOA
5∘
(longitude)
×2∘
(latitude)
resolution
as
well
RI
combination.
can
be
used
readily
calculate
any
PSD,
including
uncertainty
induced
microphysical
properties,
(e.g.,
shape).
By
calculating
climatology
retrieved
sensors
find
that
pattern
induces
more
than
%
SW
TOA.
observation-based
PSD
around
15–20
atmosphere.
assessments
further
suggest
nonsphericity
negligible
estimations,
while
turns
out
most
important
factor
determining
DRE,
particularly
SW.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
128(22)
Published: Nov. 16, 2023
Abstract
In
desert
regions
like
the
Middle
East,
dust
has
a
profound
impact
on
environment,
climate,
air
quality,
and
solar
devices.
The
size
of
particles
determines
extent
these
effects.
Dust
deposition
(DD)
measurements
show
that
coarse
with
geometric
radius
r
>
10
μm
comprise
most
deposited
mass.
Still,
are
not
represented
in
current
models
tuned
to
fit
observed
aerosol
optical
depth
(AOD).
As
result,
existing
reanalysis
products
underestimate
DD
emission
(DE)
almost
3
times.
This
is
first
study
constrain
simulations
by
both
AOD
quantify
effect
fine
using
WRF‐Chem
model.
We
found
that,
average,
contributes
less
than
10%
shortwave
radiative
forcing
(RF)
at
surface
but
comprises
more
70%
DE.
Annual
mean
net
RF
over
Arabian
Peninsula
regional
seas
locally
reaches
−25
W
m
−2
.
Airborne
radii
<
mainly
responsible
for
significant
dimming
(5%–10%)
radiation,
cooling
surface,
hampering
energy
production.
However,
mass
primarily
linked
particles,
decreasing
efficiency
photovoltaic
panels
2%–5%
per
day.
Therefore,
incorporating
model
data
assimilation
would
improve
overall
description
balance
its
environmental
systems
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(13), P. 9161 - 9173
Published: July 15, 2022
Abstract.
Dust
events
are
an
important
and
complex
constituent
of
the
atmospheric
system
that
can
impact
Earth's
climate,
environment,
human
health.
The
frequency
dust
in
Southern
High
Plains
West
Texas
has
increased
over
past
2
decades,
yet
their
on
air
quality
this
region
is
still
unclear.
This
due
to
fact
there
only
one
monitoring
station
measures
PM2.5
concentrations
(particulate
matter
with
aerodynamic
diameter
<
2.5
µm),
no
information
other
PM
sizes
or
particle
size
distribution.
Aerosol
Research
Observation
Station
(AEROS)
unit
provides
insight
into
local
variation
concentration
during
different
allows
for
a
better
understanding
quality.
As
area
prone
events,
we
were
wondering
if
generated
by
meteorological
causes
(synoptic
vs.
convective)
would
present
similar
distributions.
Thus,
project,
three
measured
AEROS
compared.
Each
event
originated
from
direction
lasted
duration.
One
was
synoptic
(10
April
2019)
two
convective
(5
21
June
2019).
Measurements
mass
number
concentration,
distribution,
conditions
each
(on
10
April)
longer
(12
h)
had
stronger
wind
speed
(up
22.1
m
s−1),
whereas
respective
5
20
30
min
lower
speeds
16.5
13.4
s−1).
based
daily
hourly
values
showed
quality,
measurements
underestimate
events.
Observations
shorter
timescale
min)
reveal
true
A
comparison
distribution
all
presented
increase
particles
0.3–10
µm
range.
Comparisons
>
show
very
high
Some
even
∼
orders
magnitude
compared
time
before
event.
leads
us
speculate
underestimated
current
(hourly
basis)
method.
Geoscientific model development,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(22), P. 8181 - 8219
Published: Nov. 16, 2022
Abstract.
The
Community
Atmosphere
Model
(CAM6.1),
the
atmospheric
component
of
Earth
System
(CESM;
version
2.1),
simulates
life
cycle
(emission,
transport,
and
deposition)
mineral
dust
its
interactions
with
physio-chemical
components
to
quantify
impacts
on
climate
system.
accuracy
such
quantifications
relies
how
well
dust-related
processes
are
represented
in
model.
Here
we
update
parameterizations
for
module,
including
those
emission
scheme,
aerosol
dry
deposition
size
distribution
transported
dust,
treatment
particle
shape.
Multiple
simulations
were
undertaken
evaluate
model
performance
against
diverse
observations,
understand
each
alters
modeled
simulated
direct
radiative
effect.
model–observation
comparisons
suggest
that
substantially
improved
representations
achieved
primarily
through
new
more
physically-based
scheme.
In
comparison,
other
modifications
induced
small
changes
comparisons,
except
coarse
mode,
which
can
be
even
influential
than
replacing
We
highlight
introduced
here
important
regions,
shedding
light
further
developments
required
accurately
estimating
between
climate.