Global methane emissions from rivers and streams

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 530 - 535

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and its concentrations have tripled in the atmosphere since industrial revolution. There evidence that global warming has increased CH4 emissions from freshwater ecosystems1,2, providing positive feedback to climate. Yet for rivers streams, controls magnitude of remain highly uncertain3,4. Here we report spatially explicit estimate running waters, accounting 27.9 (16.7-39.7) Tg per year roughly equal those other systems5,6. Riverine are not strongly temperature dependent, with low average activation energy (EM = 0.14 eV) compared lakes wetlands 0.96 eV)1. By contrast, patterns characterized by large fluxes high- low-latitude settings as well human-dominated environments. These explained edaphic climate features linked anoxia near fluvial habitats, including high supply organic matter water saturation hydrologically connected soils. Our results highlight importance land-water connections regulating which vulnerable only direct human modifications but also several change responses on land.

Language: Английский

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Methane Emission From Global Lakes: New Spatiotemporal Data and Observation‐Driven Modeling of Methane Dynamics Indicates Lower Emissions

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 127(7)

Published: July 1, 2022

Lakes have been highlighted as one of the largest natural sources greenhouse gas methane (CH

Language: Английский

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The importance of plants for methane emission at the ecosystem scale

Aquatic Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 103596 - 103596

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Methane (CH4), one of the key long-lived atmospheric greenhouse gases, is primarily produced from organic matter. Accordingly, net primary production matter sets boundaries for CH4 emissions. Plants, being dominant producers, are thereby indirectly sustaining most global emissions, albeit with delays in time and spatial offsets between plant subsequent emission. In addition, communities can enhance or hamper ecosystem production, oxidation, transport multiple ways, e.g., by shaping carbon, nutrient, redox gradients, representing a physical link zones extensive anoxic sediments soils atmosphere. This review focuses on how plants other producers influence emissions consequences at scales. We outline mechanisms interactions discuss flux regulation, quantification, knowledge gaps across examples. Some recently proposed plant-related fluxes difficult to reconcile budget enigmas related these highlighted. Overall, strongly linked producer communities, directly indirectly, properly quantifying magnitudes regulation links predicting future rapidly changing world.

Language: Английский

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Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1870 - 1889

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance terms carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) magnitude budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (Reco ), net CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for zone using a satellite data-driven process-model northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated evaluated measurements >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic obtain daily 1-km2 flux annual budgets pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across domain, model indicated an overall average NEE sink -850 Tg -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those Siberia, contributed majority sink. In contrast, tundra biome was relatively neutral (ranging small source). Regional CH4 wetlands (not accounting aquatic were estimated at 35 Accounting additional open water bodies fire, available literature, reduced total regional by 21% shifted many far landscapes, some forests, source. assessment, based on situ observations models, improves our understanding high-latitude also indicates continued need integrated site-to-regional assessments monitor vulnerability these climate change.

Language: Английский

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Inland Water Greenhouse Gas Budgets for RECCAP2: 1. State‐Of‐The‐Art of Global Scale Assessments

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(5)

Published: April 26, 2023

Abstract Inland waters are important emitters of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 and nitrous oxide (N O) to atmosphere. In framework 2nd phase REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment Processes (RECCAP‐2) initiative, we review state art in estimating inland water GHG budgets at global scale, which has substantially advanced since first RECCAP nearly 10 years ago. The development increasingly sophisticated upscaling techniques, including statistical prediction process‐based models, allows for spatially explicit estimates that needed regionalized assessments continental such as those established RECCAP. A few recent also resolve seasonal and/or interannual variability emissions. Nonetheless, global‐scale assessment emissions remains challenging because limited spatial temporal coverage observations persisting uncertainties abundance distribution surface areas. To decrease these uncertainties, more empirical work on contributions hot‐spots hot‐moments overall is particularly needed.

Language: Английский

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Inland Water Greenhouse Gas Budgets for RECCAP2: 2. Regionalization and Homogenization of Estimates

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(5)

Published: April 26, 2023

Abstract Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N O) to atmosphere. In framework second phase REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment Processes (RECCAP‐2) initiative, we synthesize existing estimates GHG emissions from streams, rivers, lakes reservoirs, homogenize them with regard underlying global maps water surface area distribution effects seasonal ice cover. We then produce regionalized over 10 extensive land regions. According our synthesis, inland have a warming potential an equivalent emission 13.5 (9.9–20.1) 8.3 (5.7–12.7) Pg CO ‐eq. yr −1 at 20 100 years horizon (GWP GWP respectively. Contributions dominate , rivers being largest emitter. For equally emitters, CH is more than that . N O about two orders magnitude lower. Normalized RECCAP‐2 regions, S‐America SE‐Asia show highest rates, dominated by riverine emissions.

Language: Английский

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Salinity causes widespread restriction of methane emissions from small inland waters

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Inland waters are one of the largest natural sources methane (CH 4 ), a potent greenhouse gas, but emissions models and estimates were developed for solute-poor ecosystems may not apply to salt-rich inland waters. Here we combine field surveys eddy covariance measurements show that salinity constrains microbial CH cycling through complex mechanisms, restricting aquatic from global hardwater regions (the Canadian Prairies). Existing overestimated ponds wetlands by up several orders magnitude, with discrepancies linked salinity. While significant rivers larger lakes, interacted organic matter availability shape patterns in small lentic habitats. We estimate excluding leads overestimation Prairie waterbodies at least 81% ( ~ 1 Tg yr −1 CO 2 equivalent), quantity comparable other major national sources. Our findings consistent landscapes, likely leading an emissions. Widespread salinization impact should be considered future projections

Language: Английский

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Methane dynamics in vegetated habitats in inland waters: quantification, regulation, and global significance

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Freshwater ecosystems, including lakes, wetlands, and running waters, are estimated to contribute over half the natural emissions of methane (CH 4 ) globally, yet large uncertainties remain in inland water CH budget. These related highly heterogeneous nature complex regulation emission pathways, which involve diffusion, ebullition, plant-associated transport. The latter, particular, represents a major source uncertainty our understanding dynamics. Many freshwater ecosystems harbor habitats colonized by submerged emergent plants, transport variable amounts atmosphere but whose presence may also profoundly influence local Yet, dynamics vegetated their potential contribution budgets waters understudied poorly quantified. Here we present synthesis literature pertaining habitats, (i) provide an overview different ways aquatic vegetation can (i.e., production, oxidation, transport) (ii) summarize methods applied study fluxes from (iii) existing data on associated types waters. Finally, discuss implications with for current estimates at global scale. plant areas varied widely, ranging from−8.6 2835.8 mg m −2 d −1 , were average high relative non-vegetated habitats. We conclude that, based coverage flux intensities fluxes, exclusion these lake balances lead underestimation emissions. This highlights need incorporate into further identifies research aspects relevant future directions.

Language: Английский

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Standardizing methane emission monitoring: A global policy perspective for the oil and gas industry

Engineering Science & Technology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 2027 - 2038

Published: June 13, 2024

Methane emissions from the oil and gas industry are a major contributor to climate change due their high global warming potential. Accurate standardized monitoring of these is essential for effective mitigation. This review explores current state methane emission technologies, highlighting strengths limitations direct measurement, remote sensing, modeling approaches. It also examines diverse regulatory frameworks practices, identifying key challenges such as accuracy, consistency, economic barriers. The paper proposes strategies harmonizing standards globally, including adopting international guidelines, certification programs, centralized reporting platforms. Additionally, it advocates innovative approaches that incentivize better practices emphasizes need cooperation through data sharing capacity building. concludes by discussing potential impact on industry, outlining future research development directions, calling proactive steps all stakeholders achieve reduction. Keywords: Emissions, Oil Gas Industry, Monitoring Technologies Regulatory Frameworks.

Language: Английский

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Human activities now fuel two-thirds of global methane emissions

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 101002 - 101002

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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