Changing Climate Response of Northeast Ohio White Oaks, USA: Is it Tree Age or Site Age?

Dendrochronologia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126307 - 126307

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Observed different impacts of potential tree restoration on local surface and air temperature

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract Tree restoration can cool or warm the local climate through biophysical processes. However, magnitude of these effects remains unconstrained at large scales, as most previous observational studies rely on land surface temperature (Ts) rather than more policy-relevant air (Ta). Using satellite observations, we show that Ta responds to tree cover change only 15–30% observed in Ts. This difference is supported by independent evidence from site and be attributed reduced aerodynamic resistance resultant flatter near-surface profiles forests compared non-forests. At mid- high-latitudes, maximum seasonal warming cooling accounts for approximately 10% equivalent effect carbon sequestration terms magnitude, whereas Ts reach 40%. These findings highlight importance selecting appropriate metric different applications avoid exaggerating underestimating impacts forestation.

Language: Английский

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Multi-species habitat suitability models to enhance oak species regeneration in the lower mississippi alluvial valley

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 585, P. 122658 - 122658

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Global and regional hydrological impacts of global forest expansion

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(17), P. 3883 - 3902

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Abstract. Large-scale reforestation, afforestation, and forest restoration schemes have gained global support as climate change mitigation strategies due to their significant carbon dioxide removal (CDR) potential. However, there has been limited research into the unintended consequences of forestation from a biophysical perspective. In Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), we apply scenario, within Paris Agreement-compatible warming investigate land surface hydroclimate response. Compared control scenario where use is fixed present-day levels, up °C cooler at low latitudes by 2100, driven 10 % increase in evaporative cooling forested areas. afforested areas grassland or shrubland are replaced lead doubling plant water demand some tropical regions, causing decreases soil moisture (∼ 5 globally, %–10 regionally) availability %–15 regions with increased cover. While increases cloud seasonal precipitation over expanded forests, enhanced negative radiative forcing, impacts on large-scale atmospheric circulation limited. This contrasts response simulated deforestation found previous studies. The demonstrates local benefits without major disruption hydrodynamics beyond those already projected result change, addition associated CDR. demands extensive forestation, especially implications for its viability, given uncertainty future changes.

Language: Английский

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Reconstructed Late Summer Maximum Temperatures for the Southeastern United States From Tree‐Ring Blue Intensity

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(13)

Published: June 29, 2024

Abstract Over recent decades, the southeastern United States (Southeast) has become increasingly well represented by terrestrial climate proxy record. However, while paleo records capture region's hydroclimatic history over last several centuries, understanding of near surface air temperature variability is confined to comparatively shorter observational period (1895‐present). Here, we detail application blue intensity (BI) methods on a network tree‐ring collections and examine their utility for producing robust paleotemperature estimates. Results indicate that maximum latewood BI (LWBI) chronologies exhibit positive temporally stable correlations ( r = 0.28–0.54, p < 0.01) with summer temperatures. As such, use LWBI reconstruct August‐September average temperatures Southeast spanning 1760–2010 CE. Our work demonstrates applying novel dendrochronological techniques improve multi‐centennial Southeast.

Language: Английский

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Asymmetric effects of hydroclimate extremes on eastern US tree growth: Implications on current demographic shifts and climate variability

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Forests around the world are experiencing changes due to climate variability and human land use. How these interact influence vulnerability of forests not well understood. In eastern United States, well-documented anthropogenic disturbances land-use decisions, such as logging fire suppression, have influenced forest species assemblages, leading a demographic shift from dominated by xeric those mesic species. Contemporarily, has changed is expected continue warm produce higher evaporative demand, imposing stronger drought stress on communities. Here, we use an extensive network tree-ring records common hardwood across ~100 sites ~1300 trees in States examine magnitude growth response both wet dry extremes. We find that reductions during exceed positive pluvials. Mesic Liriodendron tulipifera Acer saccharum, which becoming more dominant, sensitive than species, oaks (Quercus) hickory (Carya), especially at moderate extreme intensities. Although droughts larger annual reduction, mild resulted largest cumulative decreases their frequency. When using global model projections, all scenarios show frequency increasing substantially (3-9 times likely) 2100. Thus, ongoing toward combined with drier conditions results drought-induced declines, suggesting will even impact aboveground carbon uptake future States.

Language: Английский

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Climate feedback from plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO₂ in Earth system models

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Summary Plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration (iCO ), including enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, impact regional global climate. Here, I describe recent advances in understanding these effects through Earth system models (ESMs). Idealized simulations of a 1% annual iCO show that despite fertilization, forcing contributes 10% warming at least 30% future precipitation decline Amazonia. This reduces aboveground vegetation carbon storage triggers positive carbon–climate feedback. ESM indicate transpiration increased heat stress from could amplify meteorological drought wildfire risks. Understanding climate feedbacks is essential for improving accounting natural solutions, such as avoiding deforestation reforestation, complicates assessing their benefits.

Language: Английский

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Dendrochronological analyses of tree growth and climate response across an urban-rural gradient, Louisville, Kentucky

Urban forestry & urban greening, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 128592 - 128592

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Afforestation in West Africa: potential benefits and trade-offs on regional climate extremes

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 19, 2024

West Africa is currently experiencing extensive agricultural intensification associated with rapid population growth. Those anthropogenic land use and land-cover changes (LULCC) can have significant impacts at regional seasonal scales but also for extreme weather events, posing high vulnerability to human, natural, economic systems. However, the effects of LULCC on events in remain largely unexplored scale, lacking consensus. Here, first time, we employ high-resolution experiments (at 3 km resolution, spanning 2012-2022) performed fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology WRF-Hydro system (i.e. Weather Research Forecasting model version 5.2 hydrological module) investigate potential (deforestation afforestation scenarios) climate extremes African Savannas region. Analyzing 18 indices, find that deforestation significantly affects temperature extremes, though modest average (<3%), consistently impacting rainfall ~2 times more than mean conditions while increasing drought duration. Our findings reveal contrasting biophysical responses concerning extremes: converting grassland evergreen forests tends mitigate warming effect, reducing heat indices through enhanced plant transpiration from increased canopy foliage. Conversely, savanna may intensify due albedo-induced effect downward longwave radiation, resulting absorption shortwave radiation by surface. This work emphasizes necessity modeling frameworks integrate all aspects local positive feedback between terrestrial overlying atmosphere improve evaluation land-based mitigation adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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A Survey of Organic Carbon Stocks in Mineral Soils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Plantations under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1335 - 1335

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

The main aim of this study was to assess the amount carbon (C) stored in upper 30 cm layer mineral soils eucalypt plantations Portugal, with a Mediterranean-type climate. Soil sampling data (2468 samples), field evaluations (soil profile description) and relevant information on particle size distribution, climate, bedrock reference soil group were accomplished. Bulk density per sample assessed using pedo-transfer functions C stock estimated. results showed an average 41.2 t ha−1 soil. In northern regions coldest wettest areas country better stand productivity, higher organic (SOC) is achieved (median SOC 39.2 g kg−1 55 ha−1) than southern inland regions, warmer drier climate 15.2 28 ha−1). assessment mean type revealed granites followed by conglomerates, coal shales clay shales. Regarding type, Cambisols, Leptosols Fluvisols (>50 ha−1), whereas Regosols Luvisols less, following same trend presented for groups Europe. Comparing geographic distribution eucalyptus stands (root aboveground biomass—data from national forest inventory), pool can represent more two-thirds total Portugal. Further studies should focus evolution stocks during different stages growth under management practices.

Language: Английский

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