Abstract.
Aerosol
and
secondary
ice
production
(SIP)
processes
in
convective
clouds
are
both
vital
to
charge
separation
thunderstorms,
but
the
relative
importance
of
different
SIP
cloud
electrification
under
aerosol
conditions
is
not
well
understood.
In
this
study,
using
Weather
Research
Forecasting
(WRF)
model
with
a
spectral
bin
microphysics
scheme,
we
investigate
role
four
squall
line
condensation
nuclei
(CCN)
concentrations,
including
rime-splintering
process,
ice-ice
collisional
breakup,
shattering
freezing
drops,
sublimational
breakup.
It
found
that
simulation
reproduces
macro-morphology,
occurrence
location,
eastward
tendency
storm.
As
CCN
concentration
increases,
more
smaller
droplets
can
be
lifted
up
mixed-phase
regions.
The
warm
rain
process
suppressed,
declined
raindrop
leads
fewer
graupel
particles.
clean
environment,
drops
most
important
at
relatively
temperatures,
significantly
enhanced.
polluted
contributes
temperatures.
break-up
cold
noninductive
charging
rates
exhibit
dipole
structure
upper
negative
lower
positive
implementation
as
increase
cause
an
enhancement
rate.
However,
have
opposite
impacts
on
reversal:
higher
results
colder
reversal
temperature,
while
level.
has
greatest
effect
rate,
rime
splintering
significant
effect.
Without
any
aerosols
capable
modifying
structure.
environment
responsible
for
generation
normal
Both
addition
favor
electric
field.
Environmental Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(8), P. 083003 - 083003
Published: July 16, 2024
Abstract
Lightning
has
profound
social
implications
for
public
safety
and
usually
causes
casualties
significant
damage
to
infrastructure.
Due
the
advancement
of
both
ground-based
spaceborne
detection
technology,
lightning
been
monitored
globally
in
recent
decades
as
an
indicator
severe
weather
essential
variable
climate
change.
This
article
reviews
progress
study
variations
their
response
temperature
aerosols,
based
on
data.
The
responses
aerosol
show
large
spatial
temporal
heterogeneity,
with
relation
meteorological
environmental
conditions.
latest
research
that
exhibited
increase
some
high
altitude
or
latitude
regions,
such
Tibetan
Plateau
Arctic
where
undergone
fast
warming
during
ecosystems
is
fragile.
Aerosol
particles
play
important
role
modulating
under
certain
dynamical
thermodynamic
conditions
even
a
global
scale.
projected
activity
will
generally
future
but
may
very
few
exceptions.
Continuous
long-term
observations
consistent
efficiency
remain
crucial
tracking
change
coming
decades.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(3), P. 1831 - 1850
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Abstract.
Aerosol
and
secondary
ice
production
(SIP)
processes
are
both
vital
to
charge
separation
in
thunderstorms,
but
the
relative
importance
of
different
SIP
electrification
under
aerosol
conditions
is
not
well
understood.
In
this
study,
using
Weather
Research
Forecasting
(WRF)
model,
we
investigate
role
four
with
concentrations,
including
rime
splintering
(RS),
ice–ice
collisional
(IC)
breakup,
shattering
freezing
drops
(SD),
sublimational
breakup
(SK).
It
found
that
as
concentration
increases,
more
smaller
cloud
droplets
can
be
lofted
mixed-phase
regions.
The
warm-rain
process
suppressed,
declined
raindrop
leads
fewer
graupel
particles.
a
clean
environment
(aerosol
<1000
cm−3),
SD
most
important
between
0
−10
°C,
while
polluted
≥2000
RS
contributes
°C.
IC
−20
increase
enhance
noninductive
charging
rate.
However,
have
opposite
impacts
on
reversal,
which
implies
they
play
roles
controlling
structure.
(polluted)
environment,
(RS)
has
greatest
effect
Both
electric
field,
enhancement
flash
rate
induced
by
increasing
much
greater
than
SIP.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
130(8)
Published: April 28, 2025
Abstract
The
effect
of
anthropogenic
aerosols
on
lightning
is
one
the
least
understood
aspects
human‐induced
climate
change.
Global
aerosol
clearly
diminished
during
COVID
pandemic
by
7.6%.
A
pronounced
decrease
in
global
activity
range
3.0%–5.8%
identified
from
various
detection
systems
this
natural
experiment.
Maritime
Continent
chimney
shows
largest
reduction
7.0%
accompanied
a
drop
15%.
period
2020
also
experiences
transition
pre‐COVID
El
Niño
to
strong
and
sustained
La
Niña.
Compensation
for
ENSO
forcing
implemented
disclose
distinct
responses
three
chimneys
competing
thermodynamic
effects.
Our
observational
findings
indicate
marked
influence
scale
virtue
extraordinary
COVID‐induced
alteration.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
129(3)
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Abstract
The
Amazon
Basin,
which
plays
a
critical
role
in
the
carbon
and
water
cycle,
is
under
stress
due
to
changes
climate,
agricultural
practices,
deforestation.
effects
of
thermodynamic
microphysical
forcing
on
strength
thunderstorms
Basin
(75–45°W,
0–15°S)
were
examined
during
pre‐monsoon
season
(mid‐August
through
mid‐December),
period
with
large
variations
aerosols,
intense
convective
storms,
plentiful
flashes.
analysis
used
measurements
radar
reflectivity,
ice
content
(IWC),
aerosol
type
from
instruments
aboard
CloudSat
CALIPSO
satellites,
flash
rates
ground‐based
Sferics
Timing
Ranging
Network,
total
optical
depth
(AOD)
surface
network
meteorological
re‐analysis.
After
controlling
for
available
potential
energy
(CAPE),
it
was
found
that
developed
dirty
(high‐AOD)
conditions
1.5
km
deeper,
had
50%
more
IWC,
than
two
times
as
many
flashes
storms
clean
conditions.
sensitivity
AOD
largest
low
values
CAPE
where
increases
factor
three
observed.
additional
indicated
these
deeper
systems
higher
vertical
velocities
condensation
nuclei
capable
sustaining
concentrations
hydrometeors
upper
troposphere.
Flash
also
be
larger
periods
when
smoke
rather
dust
common
lower
troposphere,
likely
because
smoky
less
stable
mid‐tropospheric
relative
humidity.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
There
is
little
consensus
among
global
climate
models
(CGMs)
regarding
the
response
of
lightning
flash
rates
to
past
and
future
change,
largely
due
graupel
not
being
included
in
models.
Here
a
two-moment
prognostic
scheme
was
incorporated
into
MIROC6
GCM
applied
three
experiments
involving
pre-industrial
aerosol,
present-day,
warming
simulations.
The
new
microphysics
performed
well
reproducing
distributions
graupel,
convective
available
potential
energy,
rate
against
satellite
retrievals
reanalysis
datasets.
mean
increased
by
7.1%
from
period
present
day,
which
attributed
occurrence.
impact
on
activity
more
evident,
with
increasing
18.4
$$\%\,\textrm{K}^{-1}$$
%K-1
through
synergistic
contributions
destabilization
graupel.
In
Arctic,
depends
strongly
seasonality
emphasizing
need
incorporate
GCMs
for
accurate
prediction.
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 5305 - 5305
Published: June 19, 2024
Pyrocumulonimbus
(pyroCb)
thunderclouds,
produced
from
extreme
bushfires,
can
initiate
frequent
cloud-to-ground
(CG)
lightning
strikes
containing
extended
continuing
currents.
This,
in
turn,
ignite
new
spot
fires
and
inflict
massive
harm
on
the
environment
infrastructures.
This
study
presents
a
3D
numerical
thundercloud
model
for
estimating
of
different
types
its
striking
zone
conceptual
tripole
structure
which
is
theorized
to
produce
phenomenon
pyroCb
storms.
More
emphasis
given
lower
positive
charge
layer,
impacts
strong
wind
shear
are
also
explored
thoroughly
examine
various
electrical
parameters
including
longitudinal
electric
field,
potential,
surface
density.
The
simulation
outcomes
thunderclouds
with
confirm
presence
negative
field
initiation
at
cloud’s
region.
accompanied
by
enhancing
region,
resulting
an
overall
potential
increase.
Consequently,
density
appears
underneath
has
induce
(+CG)
flashes.
With
extension
upper
layers
pyroCb,
becomes
reduce
absolute
value
would
generate
(−CG)
A
subsequent
parametric
carried
out
considering
correlation
between
aerosol
concentration
investigate
sensitivity
electrification
under
influence
high
conditions.
suggested
establish
basis
identifying
area
impacted
could
be
expanded
analyze
dangerous
conditions
that
may
arise
energy
farms
or
power
substations
times
severe
events.
Abstract.
Aerosol
and
secondary
ice
production
(SIP)
processes
in
convective
clouds
are
both
vital
to
charge
separation
thunderstorms,
but
the
relative
importance
of
different
SIP
cloud
electrification
under
aerosol
conditions
is
not
well
understood.
In
this
study,
using
Weather
Research
Forecasting
(WRF)
model
with
a
spectral
bin
microphysics
scheme,
we
investigate
role
four
squall
line
condensation
nuclei
(CCN)
concentrations,
including
rime-splintering
process,
ice-ice
collisional
breakup,
shattering
freezing
drops,
sublimational
breakup.
It
found
that
simulation
reproduces
macro-morphology,
occurrence
location,
eastward
tendency
storm.
As
CCN
concentration
increases,
more
smaller
droplets
can
be
lifted
up
mixed-phase
regions.
The
warm
rain
process
suppressed,
declined
raindrop
leads
fewer
graupel
particles.
clean
environment,
drops
most
important
at
relatively
temperatures,
significantly
enhanced.
polluted
contributes
temperatures.
break-up
cold
noninductive
charging
rates
exhibit
dipole
structure
upper
negative
lower
positive
implementation
as
increase
cause
an
enhancement
rate.
However,
have
opposite
impacts
on
reversal:
higher
results
colder
reversal
temperature,
while
level.
has
greatest
effect
rate,
rime
splintering
significant
effect.
Without
any
aerosols
capable
modifying
structure.
environment
responsible
for
generation
normal
Both
addition
favor
electric
field.
