Abstract.
Accurate
representation
of
fire
emissions
is
critical
for
modeling
the
in-plume,
near-source,
and
remote
effects
biomass
burning
(BB)
on
atmospheric
composition,
air
quality,
climate.
In
recent
years
application
advanced
instrumentation
has
significantly
improved
knowledge
compounds
emitted
from
fires,
which
coupled
with
a
large
number
laboratory
field
campaigns,
facilitated
emergence
new
emission
factor
(EF)
compilations.
The
Next-generation
Emissions
InVentory
expansion
Akagi
(NEIVA)
version
1.0
one
such
compilation
in
EFs
14
globally-relevant
fuel
types
have
been
updated
to
include
data
studies,
focus
gaseous
non-methane
organic
(NMOC_g).
are
stored
series
connected
tables
that
facilitate
flexible
querying
individual
study
level
recommended
averages
all
by
type.
features
enabled
assignment
unique
identifiers
constituents,
including
1000s
NMOC_g.
NEIVA
also
includes
chemical
physical
property
model
surrogate
assignments
three
widely-used
mechanisms
each
EF
datasets
compared
publications
other
compilations
at
compound
context
overall
volatility
distributions
hydroxyl
reactivity
(OHR)
estimates.
NMOC_g
~4–8
times
more
intermediate
resulting
much
lower
(lowest
bin
shifted
as
orders
magnitude)
higher
OHR
(up
90
%)
than
These
updates
can
strongly
impact
predictions
BB
composition
chemistry.
Environmental Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16, P. 100546 - 100546
Published: May 18, 2024
Burning
is
a
common
method
to
dispose
agricultural
biomass
residue.
This
practice
widely
used
by
farmers
during
pre-
and
post-harvest
seasons
for
crops
such
as
wheat,
rice,
grass
seed,
soy,
cotton,
sugarcane,
corn.
Farmers
choose
this
because
it
cost
time
effective.
These
burning
activities
emit
several
types
of
pollutants
into
the
atmosphere,
including
CH4,
SOx,
NOx,
CO,
CO2,
particulate
matter
different
sizes
(i.e.,
PM1,
PM2.5
PM10).
Globally,
United
States
America
ranks
third,
preceded
China
India,
in
greenhouse
gas
emissions
due
activities.
According
2020
U.S.
National
Emissions
Inventory,
field
burnings
produced
67,309.81
tons
i.e.,
approximately
20%
total
emissions.
The
main
aim
review
paper
summarize
existing
literature
on
its
effect
air
quality
continental
USA.
utilizes
databases
Web
Science,
Science
Direct,
PubMed
ProQuest
endeavor.
Various
their
emission
factors
are
presented
each
type
crop.
Additionally,
also
compiles
available
data
from
inventories
characterize
spatial
temporal
patterns
pollutant
resulting
burning.
Iowa,
Illinois,
Indiana,
North
Dakota,
South
Nebraska
home
significant
amounts
croplands;
however,
no
studies
were
found
focusing
these
states.
Pollutant
2008
revealed
an
upward
trend
2017
onwards,
suggesting
expansion
areas
contrast
previous
years.
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8(5), P. 857 - 899
Published: April 8, 2024
Furanoids
are
a
class
of
reactive
volatile
organic
compounds
that
major
products
from
the
pyrolysis
and
combustion
biomass
polymers,
including
cellulose,
hemicellulose,
lignin.
Biomass
burning
is
an
atmospheric
source
furanoids
increasing
in
frequency
intensity
throughout
regions
world.
Once
emitted
to
atmosphere,
may
react
with
oxidants
form
secondary
pollutants
hazardous
human
health,
ozone
(O3)
aerosol
(SOA).
This
review
comprehensive
assessment
literature
between
1977
present
describing
emissions
fate
wild,
prescribed,
domestic
fires.
The
organized
by
presenting
physical
properties
key
first,
followed
summary
biopolymer
reactions
lead
furanoid
formation.
Next,
factors
compiled
across
typical
fuels
consumed
highlight
species
smoke.
We
next
available
kinetic
degradation
mechanism
data
characterize
reaction
rates,
gas-phase
products,
SOA
formed
as
result
OH,
NO3,
O3,
Cl
radicals.
then
describe
studies
have
focused
on
evaluating
chemistry
their
impacts
air
quality
using
combination
field
observations
model
simulations.
conclude
perspective
identifies
future
research
directions
would
address
gaps
improve
understanding
processes.
Abstract.
Biomass
burning
emits
large
numbers
of
organic
aerosol
particles,
a
subset
which
are
called
tarballs
(TBs).
TBs
possess
spherical
morphology
and
unique
physical,
chemical,
optical
properties.
They
recognized
as
brown
carbon
thereby
having
implications
for
climate
through
the
absorption
solar
radiation.
Aerosol
particles
were
collected
from
wildfire
agricultural
fire
smoke
sampled
by
NASA
DC-8
aircraft
during
FIREX-AQ
campaign
in
western
US
July
to
September
2019.
The
current
study
developed
an
image
analysis
method
applying
deep
learning
distinguish
other
round
that
deformed
on
substrate,
based
their
morphological
characteristics
transmission
electron
microscopy
images.
This
detected
4567
with
mostly
<10
h
downwind
emissions
measured
compositions,
abundance,
sizes,
mixing
states.
number
fraction,
mass
concentration
all
10
%
±
1
%,
2
10.1
4.6
µg
m-3,
respectively.
As
samples
aged
emission
up
5
h,
TB
fractions
roughly
increased
15
indicating
processed
primary
particles.
In
more
samples,
fraction
decreased
possibly
due
dilution
removal.
We
also
showed
within
pyrocumulonimbus
(PyroCb)
activity
various
reveals
abundances
physical
chemical
properties
wide
range
biomass-burning
events
enhances
knowledge
emissions,
contributes
evaluation
impact
TBs.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 10985 - 11004
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Abstract.
Biomass
burning
emits
large
numbers
of
organic
aerosol
particles,
a
subset
which
are
called
tarballs
(TBs).
TBs
possess
spherical
morphology
and
unique
physical,
chemical,
optical
properties.
They
recognized
as
brown-carbon
influencing
the
climate
through
absorption
solar
radiation.
Aerosol
particles
were
collected
from
wildfire
agricultural-fire
smoke
sampled
by
NASA's
DC-8
aircraft
during
Fire
Influence
on
Regional
to
Global
Environments
Air
Quality
(FIREX-AQ)
campaign
in
western
US
July
September
2019.
This
study
developed
an
image
analysis
method
using
deep
learning
distinguish
other
round
that
deformed
substrate,
based
particles'
morphological
characteristics
transmission
electron
microscopy
images.
detected
4567
TBs,
with
most
occurring
<
10
h
downwind
emissions,
measured
their
compositions,
abundance,
sizes,
mixing
states.
The
number
fraction,
mass
concentration
corresponded
±
1
%,
2
10.1
4.6
µg
m−3,
respectively.
As
aged
for
up
5
after
emission,
TB
fractions
roughly
increased
%
15
indicating
processed
primary
particles.
We
also
observed
associated
pyrocumulonimbus
(pyroCb)
activity
various
reveals
well
physical
chemical
properties,
wide
range
biomass-burning
events
enhances
our
knowledge
contributing
evaluation
impact
TBs.
Geoscientific model development,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(21), P. 7679 - 7711
Published: Nov. 4, 2024
Abstract.
Accurate
representation
of
fire
emissions
is
critical
for
modeling
the
in-plume,
near-source,
and
remote
effects
biomass
burning
(BB)
on
atmospheric
composition,
air
quality,
climate.
In
recent
years
application
advanced
instrumentation
has
significantly
improved
knowledge
compounds
emitted
from
fires,
which,
coupled
with
a
large
number
laboratory
field
campaigns,
facilitated
emergence
new
emission
factor
(EF)
compilations.
The
Next-generation
Emissions
InVentory
expansion
Akagi
(NEIVA)
version
1.0
one
such
compilation
in
which
EFs
14
globally
relevant
fuel
types
have
been
updated
to
include
data
studies,
focus
gaseous
non-methane
organic
(NMOC_g).
are
stored
series
connected
tables
that
facilitate
flexible
querying
individual
study
level
recommended
averages
all
by
type.
features
enabled
assignment
unique
identifiers
constituents,
including
thousands
NMOC_g.
NEIVA
also
includes
chemical
physical
property
model
surrogate
assignments
three
widely
used
mechanisms
each
EF
datasets
compared
publications
other
compilations
at
compound
context
overall
volatility
distributions
hydroxyl
(OH)
reactivity
(OHR)
estimates.
NMOC_g
∼4–8
times
more
intermediate
compounds,
resulting
much
lower
(lowest-volatility
bin
shifted
as
3
orders
magnitude)
higher
OHR
(up
90
%)
than
These
updates
can
strongly
impact
predictions
BB
composition
chemistry.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(22), P. 12749 - 12773
Published: Nov. 17, 2024
Abstract.
We
conducted
a
2-year
study
utilizing
network
of
fixed
sites
with
sampling
throughout
an
extended
prescribed
burning
period
to
characterize
the
emissions
and
evolution
smoke
from
silvicultural
at
military
base
in
southeastern
USA.
The
measurement
approach
assessment
instrument
performance
are
described.
Smoke
sources,
including
those
within
off
base,
identified,
plume
ages
determined
quantify
PM2.5
(particulate
matter
aerodynamic
diameters
2.5
µm
or
smaller)
mass,
black
carbon
(BC),
brown
(BrC).
Over
2021
2022
seasons
(nominally
January
May),
we
identified
64
events
based
on
high
levels
BC,
BrC,
monoxide
(CO),
which
61
were
linked
specific
area.
transport
times
estimated
two
ways:
using
mean
wind
speed
distance
between
fire
site,
Hybrid
Single-Particle
Lagrangian
Integrated
Trajectory
(HYSPLIT)
back-trajectories.
emission
ratios
ΔPM2.5
mass
/
ΔCO
for
fresh
(age
≤
1
h)
ranged
0.04
0.18
µg
m−3
ppb−1
0.117
(median
0.121
ppb−1).
Both
ratio
variability
similar
findings
other
studies
but
lower
than
wildfires.
BC
BrC
0.014
0.442
Mm−1
ppb−1,
respectively.
Ozone
enhancements
(ΔO3)
always
observed
plumes
detected
afternoon.
was
increase
age
all
ozone-enhanced
plumes,
suggesting
photochemical
secondary
aerosol
formation.
In
contrast,
ΔBrC/ΔCO
not
found
vary
less
8
h
during
photochemically
active
periods.
Abstract.
Accurate
representation
of
fire
emissions
is
critical
for
modeling
the
in-plume,
near-source,
and
remote
effects
biomass
burning
(BB)
on
atmospheric
composition,
air
quality,
climate.
In
recent
years
application
advanced
instrumentation
has
significantly
improved
knowledge
compounds
emitted
from
fires,
which
coupled
with
a
large
number
laboratory
field
campaigns,
facilitated
emergence
new
emission
factor
(EF)
compilations.
The
Next-generation
Emissions
InVentory
expansion
Akagi
(NEIVA)
version
1.0
one
such
compilation
in
EFs
14
globally-relevant
fuel
types
have
been
updated
to
include
data
studies,
focus
gaseous
non-methane
organic
(NMOC_g).
are
stored
series
connected
tables
that
facilitate
flexible
querying
individual
study
level
recommended
averages
all
by
type.
features
enabled
assignment
unique
identifiers
constituents,
including
1000s
NMOC_g.
NEIVA
also
includes
chemical
physical
property
model
surrogate
assignments
three
widely-used
mechanisms
each
EF
datasets
compared
publications
other
compilations
at
compound
context
overall
volatility
distributions
hydroxyl
reactivity
(OHR)
estimates.
NMOC_g
~4–8
times
more
intermediate
resulting
much
lower
(lowest
bin
shifted
as
orders
magnitude)
higher
OHR
(up
90
%)
than
These
updates
can
strongly
impact
predictions
BB
composition
chemistry.
Abstract.
Biomass
burning
emits
large
numbers
of
organic
aerosol
particles,
a
subset
which
are
called
tarballs
(TBs).
TBs
possess
spherical
morphology
and
unique
physical,
chemical,
optical
properties.
They
recognized
as
brown
carbon
thereby
having
implications
for
climate
through
the
absorption
solar
radiation.
Aerosol
particles
were
collected
from
wildfire
agricultural
fire
smoke
sampled
by
NASA
DC-8
aircraft
during
FIREX-AQ
campaign
in
western
US
July
to
September
2019.
The
current
study
developed
an
image
analysis
method
applying
deep
learning
distinguish
other
round
that
deformed
on
substrate,
based
their
morphological
characteristics
transmission
electron
microscopy
images.
This
detected
4567
with
mostly
<10
h
downwind
emissions
measured
compositions,
abundance,
sizes,
mixing
states.
number
fraction,
mass
concentration
all
10
%
±
1
%,
2
10.1
4.6
µg
m-3,
respectively.
As
samples
aged
emission
up
5
h,
TB
fractions
roughly
increased
15
indicating
processed
primary
particles.
In
more
samples,
fraction
decreased
possibly
due
dilution
removal.
We
also
showed
within
pyrocumulonimbus
(PyroCb)
activity
various
reveals
abundances
physical
chemical
properties
wide
range
biomass-burning
events
enhances
knowledge
emissions,
contributes
evaluation
impact
TBs.
Abstract.
Biomass
burning
emits
large
numbers
of
organic
aerosol
particles,
a
subset
which
are
called
tarballs
(TBs).
TBs
possess
spherical
morphology
and
unique
physical,
chemical,
optical
properties.
They
recognized
as
brown
carbon
thereby
having
implications
for
climate
through
the
absorption
solar
radiation.
Aerosol
particles
were
collected
from
wildfire
agricultural
fire
smoke
sampled
by
NASA
DC-8
aircraft
during
FIREX-AQ
campaign
in
western
US
July
to
September
2019.
The
current
study
developed
an
image
analysis
method
applying
deep
learning
distinguish
other
round
that
deformed
on
substrate,
based
their
morphological
characteristics
transmission
electron
microscopy
images.
This
detected
4567
with
mostly
<10
h
downwind
emissions
measured
compositions,
abundance,
sizes,
mixing
states.
number
fraction,
mass
concentration
all
10
%
±
1
%,
2
10.1
4.6
µg
m-3,
respectively.
As
samples
aged
emission
up
5
h,
TB
fractions
roughly
increased
15
indicating
processed
primary
particles.
In
more
samples,
fraction
decreased
possibly
due
dilution
removal.
We
also
showed
within
pyrocumulonimbus
(PyroCb)
activity
various
reveals
abundances
physical
chemical
properties
wide
range
biomass-burning
events
enhances
knowledge
emissions,
contributes
evaluation
impact
TBs.