Characterizing Soil and Bedrock Water Use of Native California Vegetation DOI Creative Commons
Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Michelle Stern

et al.

Hydrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 211 - 211

Published: Dec. 8, 2024

The effective characterization of landscape water balance components—evapotranspiration, runoff, recharge, and soil storage—is critical for understanding the integrated effects on vegetation dynamics, availability, associated environmental responses to climate change. An improved parameterization these components can improve assessments stress provide useful insights predicting managing Hydrology models typically are not able address availability below mapped profile, but we refined a hydrology model, Basin Characterization Model, by balancing measures actual evapotranspiration (AET) with modeled subsurface holding capacity, including bedrock storage. purpose this study was characterize rooting depth (the storage required support AET) 35 native types in California order quantify use, which ranged from 0 3.1 m most types, exceeding depths. This resulted quantification increasing available 67% over that calculated soils alone. We found mid-elevation lower energy limitations have highest rates deepest depth. also evaluated resilience drought more spatially realistic interactions.

Language: Английский

James Buttle Review: The Characteristics of Baseflow Resilience Across Diverse Ecohydrological Terrains DOI Creative Commons
Martin A. Briggs, Connor P. Newman, Joshua R. Benton

et al.

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The dynamic storage of aquifers is the portion groundwater that can potentially drain to any given point along a stream create baseflow. Baseflow typically occurs year‐round in perennial streams, though characteristics and stability are often most important instream processes during extended dry periods (without precipitation snowmelt) when runoff quickflows minimised. term ‘baseflow resilience’ defined for this review as tendency baseflow streams maintain consistent volume water quality year while under stress from climate variability extremes, with anthropogenic stressors such withdrawals, land use change, degradation. ‘Baseflow has, part, user‐defined meaning spanning supply variables primary interest. Watershed directly impact resilience produce non‐intuitive feedbacks enhance some attributes simultaneously impairing others. For example, permeable corridor geology creates strong stream‐groundwater hydrologic connectivity, yet fast drainage via preferential high‐permeability flowpaths lead streamflow not being sustained periods. Also, shallow sources generally more immediately vulnerable extreme events, warming, salinization, transpiration, drought, compared deeper groundwater. Yet drought influenced by lag years, contaminant legacies may propagate through deep receiving waters decades centuries. Finally, irrigation withdrawals intercept would have drained application leach contaminants soil zone unnaturally raising tables, return flows sustain groundwater‐dependent habitats semiarid areas. This covers concept context summarises common hydrogeological controls on, multiscale of, storage. Further, we present several quantitative metrics assess range using both broadly available boutique data types, subset which demonstrated Delaware River Basin, USA.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Root zone in the Earth system DOI Creative Commons
Hongkai Gao, Markus Hrachowitz, Lan Wang‐Erlandsson

et al.

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(19), P. 4477 - 4499

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract. The root zone is a vital part of the Earth system and key element in hydrology, ecology, agronomy, land surface processes. However, its definition varies across disciplines, creating barriers to interdisciplinary understanding. Moreover, characterizing challenging due lack consensus on definitions, estimation methods, their merits limitations. This opinion paper provides holistic from hydrology perspective, including moisture storage, deficit, storage capacity. We demonstrate that plays critical role biosphere, pedosphere, rhizosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere system. underscore limitations traditional reductionist approach modelling this complex dynamic advocate for shift towards holistic, ecosystem-centred approach. argue offers more systematic, simple, dynamic, scalable, observable way describe predict science.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Inclusion of bedrock vadose zone in dynamic global vegetation models is key for simulating vegetation structure and function DOI Creative Commons
Dana Lapides, W. Jesse Hahm, Matthew Forrest

et al.

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 1801 - 1826

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract. Across many upland environments, soils are thin and plant roots extend into fractured weathered bedrock where moisture nutrients can be obtained. Root water extraction from unsaturated is widespread and, in explain gradients vegetation community composition, transpiration, sensitivity to climate. Despite increasing recognition of its importance, the “rock moisture” reservoir rarely incorporated Earth system models. Here, we address this weakness a widely used dynamic global model (DGVM; LPJ-GUESS). First, use flux-tracking deficit approach more accurately parameterize plant-accessible storage capacity across contiguous United States, which critically includes below depths typically prescribed by soil databases. Secondly, exploit field-based knowledge contrasting plant-available two types Northern California Coast Ranges as detailed case study. For study California, climate similar at areas, but site with thick ample rock supports temperate mixed broadleaf–needleleaf evergreen forest, whereas limited an oak savanna. The distinct biomes, seasonality magnitude transpiration primary productivity, baseflow magnitudes only emerge DGVM when new simple subsurface structure hydrology scheme parameterized capacities extending beyond bedrock. updated improve annual evapotranspiration estimates compared satellite-derived products, particularly seasonally dry regions. Specifically, allow for enhanced through season that better matches actual patterns. While made changes both hydrology, most important impacts on performance derive capacity. Our findings highlight importance explaining predicting function, climates. These motivate efforts incorporate vegetation, climate, landscape evolution

Language: Английский

Citations

4
A Null Model for Global Root Depth Distributions: Analytical Solution and Comparison to Data DOI
C. J. Harman, Dana Lapides

Ecohydrology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3)

Published: April 25, 2025

ABSTRACT To accurately predict earth system response to global change, we must be able the responses of important properties that system, such as depths over which plant roots are distributed. In 2008, H. J. Schenk proposed a model for depth distribution based on simple hydrological scheme and assumptions plants will take up shallowest water available first distribute their in proportion long‐term mean uptake at each depth. Here, derive an analytical solution under idealised climate (in infiltration events treated marked Poisson process), explore result compare with data. The suggests very humid arid climates, soil wetting drying cycles induced by root generally confined characteristic below surface. This depends typical magnitude rainfall (most strongly so climates), total transpiration demand between climates) plant‐available holding capacity soil. Root (and thus predicted density) landscapes decreases exponentially rate determined this However, mesic climate, soils may wet or dry greater near‐surface, duration spent state increases Consequently, density climates more closely resemble power law distribution. When aridity index is exactly 1, diverges rooting approaches infinity. most skewed distributions might occur environments. We compared another compiled database (159 combined locations). For larger comparison dataset, also 99th percentile modeled two other frameworks observed (1271 Results demonstrate formulation performs well shallow bound captures something nonexponential form distributions, its error similar less than modeling frameworks. Errors partly explained deviation real from idealisations used obtain (exponentially distributed no seasonality).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Bedrock Controls on Water and Energy Partitioning DOI Creative Commons
Robert Ehlert, W. Jesse Hahm, David Dralle

et al.

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Across diverse biomes and climate types, plants use water stored in bedrock to sustain plant transpiration. Bedrock storage ( S ), addition soil moisture, thus plays an important role cycling should be accounted for the context of surface energy balances streamflow generation. Yet, extent which impacts hydrologic partitioning influences latent heat fluxes has yet quantified at large scales. This is particularly Mediterranean climates, where majority precipitation offset from delivery must rely on retained wet season support summer growth. Here we present a simple modified balance approach quantify controlling partitioning. Specifically, tracked evapotranspiration excess mapped capacity , mm) across western US Budyko's framework. Our findings indicate that necessary transpiration forests Sierra Nevada—some most productive Earth—as early as April every year, counter current conventional thought exclusively used late dry under extremely conditions. We found proportion returns atmosphere would decrease dramatically without access . When converted energy, median monthly flux associated with can exceed 100 W/m 2 during season.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Global patterns in vegetation accessible subsurface water storage emerge from spatially varying importance of individual drivers DOI Creative Commons
Fransje van Oorschot, Markus Hrachowitz,

Tom Viering

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 124018 - 124018

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Abstract Vegetation roots play an essential role in regulating the hydrological cycle by removing water from subsurface and releasing it to atmosphere. However, present understanding of drivers ecosystem-scale root development their spatial variability globally is limited. This study investigates varying roles climate, landscape, vegetation on magnitude zone storage capacity ( S r ) worldwide, which defined as maximum volume moisture accessible roots. To this aim, we quantified evaluated 21 possible controls for 3612 river catchments worldwide using a random forest machine learning model. Our findings reveal climate primary, but spatially varying, driver ecosystem scale with landscape characteristics playing minor role. More specifically, found mean inter-storm duration most dominant control globally, followed temperature, precipitation, topographic slope. While duration, slope exhibit consistent relation between precipitation varies spatially. Based variability, classified two different regimes: driven energy The precipitation-driven regime exhibits positive up 3 mm mathvariant="normal">d − 1 , above flattens eventually becomes negative. energy-limited strictly negative . Using model based these three variables variable slope, generated global gridded dataset closely resembles other datasets characteristics. suggests that our parsimonious approach four available estimate has potential be readily easily integrated into parameterization land surface models. may enhance accuracy predictions land–atmosphere exchange fluxes extremes providing robust representation both temporal

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Characterizing Soil and Bedrock Water Use of Native California Vegetation DOI Creative Commons
Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, Michelle Stern

et al.

Hydrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 211 - 211

Published: Dec. 8, 2024

The effective characterization of landscape water balance components—evapotranspiration, runoff, recharge, and soil storage—is critical for understanding the integrated effects on vegetation dynamics, availability, associated environmental responses to climate change. An improved parameterization these components can improve assessments stress provide useful insights predicting managing Hydrology models typically are not able address availability below mapped profile, but we refined a hydrology model, Basin Characterization Model, by balancing measures actual evapotranspiration (AET) with modeled subsurface holding capacity, including bedrock storage. purpose this study was characterize rooting depth (the storage required support AET) 35 native types in California order quantify use, which ranged from 0 3.1 m most types, exceeding depths. This resulted quantification increasing available 67% over that calculated soils alone. We found mid-elevation lower energy limitations have highest rates deepest depth. also evaluated resilience drought more spatially realistic interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0