Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract Aquifers on small islands are at risk of salinization due to low elevations and limited adaptive capacity, present risks will be exacerbated by climate change. Most studies addressing small‐island saltwater intrusion (SWI) have focused homogeneous sandy one or two hydraulic disturbances. We herein investigate SWI dynamics in a layered, confined island aquifer response multiple environmental perturbations related change, with considered tandem. Our field modeling work is based an that provides the drinking water supply for Indigenous community Atlantic Canada. Observation well data electrical resistivity profiles were used calibrate numerical model (HydroGeoSphere) coupled groundwater flow salt transport. The calibrated was simulate impacts change including sea‐level rise (SLR), storm surge overtopping, changing recharge, erosion. Simulated conditions resilient surges because confining layer prevented deeper leaching. However, reduced recharge erosion resulted wedge migration 170 110 m, respectively when individually, up 295 m (i.e., into wellfield) together. Despite conditions, SLR 55 as pressures not sufficient resist movement. This first study harness integrated, surface‐subsurface hydrologic assess effects coastal other hydroclimatic stressors aquifers, highlighting can drive extensive critical resources.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(4)
Published: April 1, 2024
Abstract Coastal flooding transforms barrier island morphology and rapidly salinizes freshwater lenses that support populations ecosystems. Climate change is expected to increase coastal flood risks, understanding future vulnerability requires erosion salinization processes their feedbacks. This study investigates how groundwater salinity distributions on Hog Island, Prince Edward Canada, responded high water levels during post‐tropical storm Fiona (24 September 2022), the costliest hurricane make landfall in Canadian history. Island was monitored with drone‐based LiDAR, beach dynamics were investigated frequency‐domain electromagnetic geophysics surveys monitoring wells. Comparing pre‐storm post‐disturbance data revealed dune scarping thinned ocean‐side foredune by 12.3 m average reduced total volume 12%. Beach electrical conductivity increased up 2 19 mS cm −1 , respectively, lens lost under eroded foredune. Measurements 9 months after early‐stage recovery of foredune; however, prolonged recovery, only 1%. Without a stable foredune, landward extent recurring limited flushing aquifer recovery. Results indicate rapid from extreme storms shifts boundaries, formerly resources, limits These findings emphasize importance often‐overlooked interconnections between flooding, erosion, effectively manage resources an age environmental change.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 172344 - 172344
Published: April 10, 2024
Estuaries are vulnerable to oceanic and atmospheric climate change. Much of the research investigating change impacts on estuaries is focused saltwater intrusion within surface water due drought rising sea levels, with implications for ecosystems humans. Groundwater soil near may also be influenced, as estuary salinity hydraulic head changes can impact soils aquifers not previously at risk salinization. This study was conducted address knowledge gaps related present future groundwater distribution in a system connected macro-tidal estuary. The studied experiences tidal bore its connection Bay Fundy Nova Scotia, Canada. A parcel agricultural land adjacent selected assess response episodic fluctuations levels salinity. monitoring electromagnetic surveys were map patterns. numerical model flow solute transport informed by field data used investigate how varying droughts sea-level rise could Results showed that, contrast salt wedges observed along marine coasts, saline existed plume immediately around Model simulations that short-term had an insignificant However, permanent increases caused increased volume 86 %, or additional ∼11 m horizontally ∼ 4.5 vertically. Our results suggest river this setting would result widespread salinization porewater soils, but more extensive experienced permeable estuarine zones. Findings inform management decisions regions exposed future.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(11)
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Abstract Climate change will increase sea levels, driving saltwater into coastal aquifers and impacting communities land use viability. Coastal are also impacted by tides that control groundwater‐ocean interactions maintain an “upper saline plume” (USP) of brackish groundwater. dikes designed to limit the surface impacts high‐amplitude tides, but, due ongoing sea‐level rise (SLR), low‐lying dikelands underlying becoming increasingly vulnerable flooding from high storm surges. This study combines field observations with numerical modeling investigate ocean‐aquifer mixing future intrusion dynamics in a mega‐tidal (tidal range >8 m) dikeland along Bay Fundy Atlantic Canada. Field data revealed strong connectivity between ocean aquifer, as evidenced pronounced tidal oscillations deeper groundwater heads order magnitude intra‐tidal subsurface electrical resistivity. Numerical model results indicate SLR surges force migration USP landward, amplifying salinization freshwater resources. Simulated can overtop dike, contaminating agricultural soils. The presence decreased under low surge scenarios, but increased larger overtopping scenarios landward ponding seawater behind dike. Mega‐tidal conditions large impact aquifer freshening rates. Results highlight vulnerability terrestrial soil landscapes resources climate suggest dike management decisions should be considered addition protection measures associated processes.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract Interactions between surface flows and groundwater in beaches can influence erosion accretion, wave overtopping, levels salinization, transport of nutrients pollutants. Laboratory experiments using transparent crushed quartz optically matched mineral oil as proxies for sand water allow the degree saturation to be computed at pore‐scale (0.7 mm resolution) enabling detailed investigations runup driven infiltration into a beach flume range slopes flow boundary conditions. The evolution wetting front resulting from on an initially unsaturated is described detail, including formation wedge subsurface swash zone wave‐driven rise fluid elevation inside beach. each event found related closely face, reaching equilibrium state once reaches capacity. back wall condition has significant role how increase within beach, especially with head elevations greater than initial phreatic surface. results these novel experimental observations are used develop dimensionless relationships rates. To improve monitoring interpretation future coastal studies, three distinct cross‐shore regimes defined assessing change
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 133116 - 133116
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Advances in Water Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 104692 - 104692
Published: April 6, 2024
Island freshwater lenses are often subjected to pumping support the needs of isolated communities. Investigations lens extent commonly involve application analytical solutions, although effects from circular island aquifers have not been assessed in previous methodologies. In this study, a new solution is derived based on Green's functions that accommodate inputs (recharge) and outputs (multiple wells) when obtaining head distribution sharp-interface shape. The verified using finite-element model for an illustrative scenario. also differentiated with respect rates, recharge, radius obtain vulnerability indices characterize sensitivity changes stresses. Finally, methodology modified examine non-uniform recharge. Python code incorporating included enable users investigate range recharge scenarios.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
0