The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 391(10120), P. 581 - 630

Published: Oct. 30, 2017

Language: Английский

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Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science

Ecology and Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Folke, C., R. Biggs, A. V. Norström, B. Reyers, and J. Rockström. 2016. Social-ecological resilience biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology Society 21(3):41.http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-08748-210341

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Annual Review of Public Health, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 259 - 277

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, part because of large increases food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued demand growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence quality quantity we produce our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity ensure security nutritional adequacy rapidly changing biophysical conditions be a major determinant next century's burden disease. In this article, review main pathways by which may affect systems-agriculture, fisheries, livestock-as well as socioeconomic forces that equitable distribution.

Language: Английский

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Global ecological, social and economic impacts of marine plastic

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 189 - 195

Published: March 27, 2019

This research takes a holistic approach to considering the consequences of marine plastic pollution. A semi-systematic literature review 1191 data points provides basis determine global ecological, social and economic impacts. An ecosystem impact analysis demonstrates that there is evidence with medium high frequency on all subjects, degree irreversibility. novel translation these ecological impacts into service services are impacted some extent by presence plastic, reduction in provision predicted for except one. evidenced have implications human health wellbeing, linked particularly fisheries, heritage charismatic species, recreation.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(17), P. 9963 - 9963

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. waste exposed to the environment creates problems of significant concern for all life forms. production accumulation natural are occurring at an unprecedented rate due indiscriminate use, inadequate recycling, deposits landfills. In 2019, global plastic was 370 million tons, with only 9% it being recycled, 12% incinerated, remaining left or The leakage wastes into ecosystems rate. management a challenging problem researchers, policymakers, citizens, other stakeholders. Therefore, here, we summarize current understanding concerns plastics (microplastics nanoplastics) on overall goal this review provide background assessment adverse effects ecosystems; interlink sustainable development goals; address policy initiatives under transdisciplinary approaches through cycle assessment, circular economy, sustainability; identify knowledge gaps; recommendations. community involvement socio-economic inputs different countries presented discussed. ban policies public awareness likely major mitigation interventions. need circularity assess potential environmental impacts resources used throughout product’s span emphasized. Innovations needed reduce, reuse, recycle, recover find eco-friendly replacements plastics. Empowering educating communities citizens act collectively minimize use alternative options must be promoted enforced. that addressed utmost priority.

Language: Английский

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The future of food from the sea

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 588(7836), P. 95 - 100

Published: Aug. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Global Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 456 - 531

Published: April 20, 2018

Abstract Water availability is a major factor constraining humanity's ability to meet the future food and energy needs of growing increasingly affluent human population. plays an important role in production energy, including renewable sources extraction unconventional fossil fuels that are expected become players security. The emergent competition for water between systems recognized concept “food‐energy‐water nexus.” nexus made even more complex by globalization agriculture rapid growth trade, which results massive virtual transfer among regions security some regions. This review explores multiple components food‐energy‐water highlights possible approaches could be used with limited resources planet. Despite clear tensions inherent meeting changing demand 21st century, linkages food, water, can offer opportunity synergistic strategies aimed at resilient security, such as circular economy.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 574(7776), P. 95 - 98

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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Emerging human infectious diseases and the links to global food production

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(6), P. 445 - 456

Published: June 11, 2019

Infectious diseases are emerging globally at an unprecedented rate while global food demand is projected to increase sharply by 2100. Here, we synthesize the pathways which agricultural expansion and intensification will influence human infectious how might likewise affect production distribution. Feeding 11 billion people require substantial increases in crop animal that expand use of antibiotics, water, pesticides fertilizer, contact rates between humans both wild domestic animals, all with consequences for emergence spread agents. Indeed, our synthesis literature suggests that, since 1940, drivers were associated >25% — >50% zoonotic emerged humans, proportions likely as agriculture expands intensifies. We identify disease management policy actions, additional research, needed address public health challenge posed feeding people. Population growth economic development affected production. This Review synthesizes understanding about links production, finding strong associations worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Annals of Global Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 86(1), P. 151 - 151

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Background: Pollution – unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity is the largest environmental cause of disease in world today. It responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion capital, degradation ecosystems. Ocean pollution important, but insufficiently recognized inadequately controlled component global pollution. poses serious threats health well-being. The nature magnitude these impacts are only beginning be understood. Goals: (1) Broadly examine known potential ocean on health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, public threats. (3) Propose priorities interventions control prevent seas safeguard Methods: Topic-focused reviews that effects health, identify gaps knowledge, project future trends, offer evidence-based guidance effective intervention. Environmental Findings: oceans widespread, worsening, most countries poorly controlled. a complex mixture toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical agricultural runoff, sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. reaches through rivers, atmospheric deposition direct discharges. often heaviest near coasts highly concentrated along low- middle-income countries. Plastic rapidly increasing visible pollution, 10 metric tons plastic enter each year. Mercury metal pollutant greatest concern oceans; it two main sources coal combustion small-scale gold mining. Global spread industrialized agriculture with use chemical fertilizer leads extension Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants ubiquitous contaminate marine organisms high Arctic abyssal depths. Ecosystem has multiple negative ecosystems, exacerbated climate change. Petroleum-based reduce photosynthesis microorganisms generate oxygen. Increasing absorption carbon dioxide into causes acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing at base food web, increases toxicity some pollutants. threatens mammals, fish, seabirds accumulates large mid-ocean gyres. breaks down microplastic nanoplastic particles containing chemicals can tissues organisms, including species consumed humans. Industrial releases, sewage increase frequency severity HABs, bacterial anti-microbial resistance. sea surface warming triggering poleward migration dangerous pathogens such as Vibrio species. discharges, contribute declines fish stocks. Human Health Methylmercury PCBs whose best Exposures infants in utero maternal consumption contaminated seafood damage developing brains, IQ children's risks autism, ADHD learning disorders. Adult exposures methylmercury cardiovascular dementia. Manufactured phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, perfluorinated many them disrupt endocrine signaling, male fertility, nervous system, risk cancer. HABs produce potent toxins accumulate shellfish. When ingested, severe neurological impairment rapid death. HAB also become airborne respiratory disease. Pathogenic bacteria gastrointestinal diseases deep wound infections. With change infections, cholera, will extend new areas. All fall disproportionately vulnerable populations South injustice planetary scale. Conclusions: problem. crosses national boundaries. consequence reckless, shortsighted, unsustainable exploitation earth's resources. endangers impedes production Its great growing, still incompletely costs counted. prevented. Like all forms deploying data-driven strategies based law, policy, technology, enforcement target priority Many have used tools air water now applying Successes achieved date demonstrate broader feasible. Heavily polluted harbors been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, reefs restored. Prevention creates benefits. boosts economies, tourism, helps restore fisheries, improves advances Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits last centuries. Recommendations: World leaders who recognize gravity acknowledge its growing dangers, engage society public, take bold, action stop source critical preventing safeguarding key. Eliminating banning uses mercury Bans single-use better management persistent organic (POPs) reduced DDT. Control treatment sewage, applications fertilizers mitigated coastal reducing HABs. National, regional programs adequately funded backed strong shown effective. Robust monitoring essential track progress. Further hold promise include wide-scale transition renewable fuels; circular economy little focuses equity rather endless growth; embracing principles green chemistry; building scientific capacity Designation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect stocks, enhance Creation MPAs important manifestation commitment protecting seas.

Language: Английский

Citations

565

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