Insights into the Coral Microbiome: Underpinning the Health and Resilience of Reef Ecosystems

Annual Review of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 317 - 340

Published: Aug. 2, 2016

Corals are fundamental ecosystem engineers, creating large, intricate reefs that support diverse and abundant marine life. At the core of a healthy coral animal is dynamic relationship with microorganisms, including mutually beneficial symbiosis photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) enduring partnerships an array bacterial, archaeal, fungal, protistan, viral associates, collectively termed holobiont. The combined genomes this holobiont form hologenome, genomic interactions within hologenome ultimately define phenotype. Here we integrate contemporary scientific knowledge regarding ecological, host-specific, environmental forces shaping diversity, specificity, distribution microbial symbionts holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute to fitness, describe potential mechanisms for homeostasis. Understanding role microbiome in resilience, acclimation, adaptation new frontier reef science will require large-scale collaborative research efforts.

Language: Английский

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The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 7, 2017

The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate partner Symbiodinium is central to success of corals. However, an array other microorganisms associated with (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi viruses) have a complex intricate role in maintaining homeostasis corals Symbiodinium. Corals are sensitive shifts surrounding environmental conditions. One most widely reported responses stressful conditions bleaching. During this event, expel cells from their gastrodermal tissues upon experiencing extended seawater temperatures above thermal threshold. An stressors can also destabilize microbiome, resulting compromised health host, which may include disease mortality worst scenario. exact mechanisms by microbiome supports increases resilience poorly understood. Earlier studies microbiology proposed probiotic hypothesis, wherein dynamic relationship exists microorganisms, selecting for holobiont that best suited prevailing Here, we discuss microbial-host relationships within holobiont, along potential roles health. We propose term BMC (Beneficial Microorganisms Corals) define (specific) symbionts promote This concept analogous Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR), has been explored manipulated agricultural industry inhabit rhizosphere directly or indirectly plant growth development through production regulatory signals, antibiotics nutrients. Additionally, effects on corals, suggesting strategies use knowledge manipulate reversing dysbiosis restore protect reefs. developing using consortia as "probiotics" improve resistance after bleaching events and/or such human-assisted acclimation/adaption shifting

Language: Английский

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Could some coral reefs become sponge reefs as our climate changes?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 2613 - 2624

Published: April 3, 2013

Coral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and a bleak future in response to predicted global warming ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not first time that biocalcifying organisms, including corals, faced threat of extinction. The end-Triassic mass extinction (200 million years ago) was most severe biotic crisis experienced by modern marine invertebrates, which selected against biocalcifiers; followed proliferation another invertebrate group, sponges. duration sponge-dominated period far surpasses alternative stable-ecosystem or phase-shift states reported on day coral and, as such, shift warrants serious consideration one trajectory reefs. We hypothesise some today may become sponge future, sponges corals respond differently changing chemistry environmental conditions. To support hypothesis, we discuss: (i) presence geological record; (ii) shifts from coral- systems; (iii) direct indirect responses holobiont its constituent parts (host symbionts) changes temperature pH. Based evidence, propose be group benefit projected climate change scenarios, increased abundance represents possible for reefs, would important implications overall reef functioning.

Language: Английский

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Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 670 - 682

Published: Sept. 2, 2014

Language: Английский

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The Sponge Hologenome

mBio, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: April 22, 2016

A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science; molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to many aspects a host's phenotype and evolution. In process, an era "holobiont" research emerged investigate intricate network interactions between host its symbiotic microbial consortia. Marine sponges early-diverging metazoa known for hosting dense, specific, often highly diverse communities. Here we synthesize current thoughts about environmental evolutionary forces that influence diversity, specificity, distribution symbionts within sponge holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute holobiont function, describe mechanisms underpin establishment maintenance these partnerships. The collective genomes form hologenome, highlight define sponge's in fact act on genomic interplay different components holobiont.

Language: Английский

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Natural volcanic CO2 seeps reveal future trajectories for host–microbial associations in corals and sponges

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 894 - 908

Published: Oct. 17, 2014

Abstract Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are rapidly rising causing an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) ocean and a reduction pH known as acidification (OA). Natural volcanic seeps Papua New Guinea expel 99% pure thereby offer unique opportunity to explore effects OA situ. The corals Acropora millepora Porites cylindrica were less abundant hosted significantly different microbial communities at seep than nearby control sites <500 m away. A primary driver differences A. was 50% symbiotic Endozoicomonas. This loss taxa from highlights potential hurdle for overcome if they adapt survive OA. In contrast, two sponges Coelocarteria singaporensis Cinachyra sp. ∼40-fold more higher relative abundance Synechococcus sites. photosynthetic microbes potentially provides these species with nutritional benefit enhanced scope growth under future climate scenarios (thus, flexibility symbiosis may lead larger niche breadth). community apparently pCO2-sensitive sponge S. massa not between These data show that responses elevated pCO2 species-specific stability partnerships have important role shaping contributing fitness success some hosts.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome in threatened species conservation

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 85 - 98

Published: Nov. 24, 2018

Language: Английский

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Microbial Dysbiosis: Rethinking Disease in Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 21, 2016

With growing environmental pressures placed on our marine habitats there is concern that the prevalence and severity of diseases affecting organisms will increase. Yet relative to terrestrial systems, we know little about underlying causes many these diseases. Moreover, factors such as saprophytic colonizers a lack baseline data healthy individuals make it difficult accurately assess role specific microbial pathogens in disease states. Emerging evidence field medicine suggests number human result from microbiome imbalance (or dysbiosis), questioning traditional view singular pathogenic agent. Here discuss possibility seen systems are, similarly, dysbiosis rise opportunistic or polymicrobial infections. Thus, understanding managing future require us also rethink definitions pathogenesis for systems. We suggest targeted, multidisciplinary approach addresses questions symbiosis both diseased states, at level holobiont, be key progress this area.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Temperature on Animal Gut Microbiomes

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 10, 2020

Temperature is a prominent abiotic environmental variable that drives the adaptive trajectories of animal lineages and structures composition communities. Global temperature regimes are expected to undergo rapid shifts in next century, yet for many taxa we lack an understanding consequences these predicted populations. In this review, synthesize recent evidence variation shapes function gut microbiomes, key regulators host physiology, with potential population responses climate change. Several studies spanning range taxa, including Chordata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, have reported repeatable associations between community microbiome. several cases, same microbiome been observed across distantly related suggesting existence conserved mechanisms underlying temperature-induced plasticity. Extreme temperatures can disrupt stability alpha-diversity within microbiomes individual hosts generate beta-diversity among Microbiome states resulting from extreme associated, some cases causally linked, both beneficial deleterious effects on phenotypes. We propose routes by which changes may impact fitness, colonization resistance gut, energy nutrient assimilation, life history traits. Cumulatively, available data indicate disruption be mechanism changing will fitness wild-living

Language: Английский

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