Redox Properties of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 48(10), P. 5601 - 5611

Published: April 21, 2014

Soils and sediments worldwide contain appreciable amounts of thermally altered organic matter (chars). Chars electroactive quinoid functional groups polycondensed aromatic sheets that were recently shown to be biogeochemical envirotechnical relevance. However, so far no systematic investigation the redox properties chars formed under different pyrolysis conditions has been performed. Here, using mediated electrochemical analysis, we show made from feedstock over a range are redox-active reversibly accept donate up 2 mmol electrons per gram char. The analysis two thermosequences revealed produced at intermediate high heat treatment temperatures (HTTs) (400-700 °C) highest capacities electrons. Combined electrochemical, elemental, spectroscopic analyses thermosequence provide evidence pool moieties is dominated by electron-donating, phenolic in low-HTT chars, newly electron accepting quinone intermediate-HTT quinones possibly condensed aromatics high-HTT chars. We propose consider environmental engineering applications require controlled transfer reactions. Electroactive char components may also contribute traditionally defined "humic substances".

Language: Английский

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Microbial regulation of terrestrial nitrous oxide formation: understanding the biological pathways for prediction of emission rates

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 729 - 749

Published: April 30, 2015

The continuous increase of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) in atmosphere due to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen input agriculture has become a global concern. In recent years, identification microbial assemblages responsible for soil N2O production substantially advanced with development molecular technologies and discoveries novel functional guilds new types metabolism. However, few practical tools are available effectively reduce situ flux. Combating negative impacts fluxes poses considerable challenges will be ineffective without successfully incorporating microbially regulated processes into ecosystem modeling mitigation strategies. Here, we synthesize latest knowledge (i) key pathways regulating consumption terrestrial ecosystems critical environmental factors influencing their occurrence, (ii) relative contributions major biological emissions by analyzing natural isotopic signatures using stable isotope enrichment inhibition techniques. We argue that it is urgently necessary incorporate traits biogeochemical order estimation reliability emissions. further propose methodology oriented framework from gene scales more robust prediction future

Language: Английский

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Effects of biochar on soil available inorganic nitrogen: A review and meta-analysis

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 288, P. 79 - 96

Published: Nov. 14, 2016

Language: Английский

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Biochar as an Electron Shuttle between Bacteria and Fe(III) Minerals

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 1(8), P. 339 - 344

Published: July 29, 2014

Biochar influences soil fertility, N2O emissions, and atmospheric CO2 budgets, because of its quinone aromatic structures, it is redox-active. Here we demonstrate that biochar concentrations 5 10 g L–1 stimulate both the rate extent microbial reduction Fe(III) oxyhydroxide mineral ferrihydrite (15 mM) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, while lower (0.5 1 L–1) have a negative effect on reduction. Control experiments showed particles not biochar-derived water-soluble organic compounds are responsible for stimulating inhibiting effect. We also found changed product from magnetite (Fe3O4) to siderite (FeCO3). Our study suggests can influence biogeochemistry only indirectly changing structure chemistry but directly mediating electron transfer processes, i.e., functioning as an shuttle.

Language: Английский

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Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 31, 2017

Abstract Surface functional groups constitute major electroactive components in pyrogenic carbon. However, the electrochemical properties of carbon matrices and kinetic preference or for electron transfer remain unknown. Here we show that environmentally relevant with average H/C O/C ratios less than 0.35 0.09 can directly electrons more three times faster charging discharging cycles surface have a 1.5 V potential range biogeochemical reactions invoke processes. contribute to overall flux lesser extent greater pyrolysis temperature due lower capacities, although kinetics unchanged. This study could spur development new generation models focus on bacteria–carbon–mineral conductive network.

Language: Английский

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Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: June 9, 2015

Abstract Soil amendment with pyrogenic carbon (biochar) is discussed as strategy to improve soil fertility enable economic plus environmental benefits. In temperate soils, however, the use of pure biochar mostly has moderately-negative -positive yield effects. Here we demonstrate that co-composting considerably promoted biochars’ positive effects, largely by nitrate (nutrient) capture and delivery. a full-factorial growth study Chenopodium quinoa , biomass increased up 305% in sandy-poor amended 2% (w/w) co-composted (BC comp ). Conversely, addition untreated ) decreased 60% control. Growth-promoting well growth-reducing effects were more pronounced at lower nutrient-supply levels. Electro-ultra filtration sequential biochar-particle washing revealed was nutrient-enriched, particularly anions phosphate. The captured BC (1) only partly detectable standard methods, (2) protected against leaching, (3) plant-available (4) did not stimulate N 2 O emissions. We hypothesize surface ageing non-conventional ion-water bonding micro- nano-pores particles. Amending (N-rich) bio-waste may enhance its agronomic value reduce nutrient losses from bio-wastes agricultural soils.

Language: Английский

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Biochar, soil and land-use interactions that reduce nitrate leaching and N2O emissions: A meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 651, P. 2354 - 2364

Published: Oct. 9, 2018

Biochar can reduce both nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and nitrate (NO 3 − ) leaching, but refining biochar's use for estimating these types of losses remains elusive. For example, biochar properties such as ash content labile organic compounds may induce transient effects that alter N-based losses. Thus, the aim this meta-analysis was to assess interactions between biochar-induced on N O NO retention, regarding duration experiments well soil land properties. Data were compiled from 88 peer-reviewed publications resulting in 608 observations up May 2016 corresponding response ratios used perform a random meta-analysis, testing impact cumulative emissions, concentrations leaching temperate, semi-arid, sub-tropical, tropical climate. The overall reduction 38%, emission reductions tended be negligible after one year. Overall, remained unaffected while reduced by 13% with biochar; greater (>26%) occurred over longer experimental times (i.e. >30 days). had strongest O-emission reducing effect paddy soils (Anthrosols) sandy (Arenosols). arable farming horticulture , it did not affect grasslands perennial crops . In conclusion, time-dependent is crucial factor needs considered order develop test resilient sustainable biochar-based loss mitigation strategies. Our results provide valuable starting point future studies. • 38% biochar. Soil unaffected. strongly soils.

Language: Английский

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Biochar Impacts Soil Microbial Community Composition and Nitrogen Cycling in an Acidic Soil Planted with Rape

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 48(16), P. 9391 - 9399

Published: July 23, 2014

Biochar has been suggested to improve acidic soils and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, little done on the role of biochar in ameliorating acidified induced by overuse nitrogen fertilizers. In this study, we designed a pot trial with an soil (pH 4.48) study interconnections between microbial community, chemical property changes, N2O emissions after application. The results showed that increased plant growth, pH, total carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity. high-throughput sequencing application α-diversity significantly changed relative abundances some microbes are related carbon cycling at family level. amendment stimulated both nitrification denitrification processes, while reducing overall. Results redundancy analysis indicated could shift community changing properties, which modulate N-cycling processes nosZ transcription suggests decreased enhancing its further reduction N2.

Language: Английский

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Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in biochar-amended soils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 1 - 15

Published: Aug. 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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Comparing straw, compost, and biochar regarding their suitability as agricultural soil amendments to affect soil structure, nutrient leaching, microbial communities, and the fate of pesticides

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 751, P. 141607 - 141607

Published: Aug. 16, 2020

The emission of nutrients and pesticides from agricultural soils endangers natural habitats. Here, we review to which extent carbon-rich organic amendments help retain in reduce the contamination surrounding areas groundwater. We compare straw, compost, biochar see whether outperforms other two more traditional cheaper materials. present a list criteria evaluate suitability materials be used as soil discuss differences elemental compositions understand, how microorganisms utilize those their effects on physical chemical characteristics, microbial communities, well transformation retention detail. It becomes clear that for all three can vary greatly depending numerous aspects, such type soil, application rate, production procedure material. Biochar is most effective increasing sorption capacity but does not outperform straw compost with regards aspects investigated. Nevertheless, possibility design properties makes it very promising Finally, provide critical comments about make studies comparable (comprehensive provision material properties), improve concepts future work (meta-analysis, long-term field studies, use deep-insight DNA sequencing), what needs further investigated (the link between structural functional parameters, impact pesticide efficiency).

Language: Английский

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