Pesticide-free agriculture as a new paradigm for research

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Abstract Reducing pesticide use has become a goal shared by several European countries and major issue in public policies due to the negative impacts of pesticides on environment human health. However, since most agri-food sector relies these countries, substantially reducing is complex issue. To overcome this situation, we argue that agricultural research role play must adopt pesticide-free paradigm expect deep impact use. In article, explain why new needed outline fronts it will help address. These are related five strategies: (1) redesigning cropping systems enhance prophylaxis, (2) diversifying biocontrol strategies associated business models, (3) broadening scope plant breeding include functional biodiversity evolutionary ecology concepts, (4) setting goals for machinery digital technologies, (5) supporting development private initiatives transition toward systems. The corresponding activities be managed conjointly develop systemic coupled innovations, which essential significantly. We therefore provide examples cross-cutting objectives combine while also highlighting need interdisciplinary projects. By doing so, an overall orientation achieve sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Differentiation strategies of soil rare and abundant microbial taxa in response to changing climatic regimes

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1327 - 1340

Published: Feb. 18, 2020

Summary Despite the important roles of soil microbes, especially most diverse rare taxa in maintaining community diversity and multifunctionality, how different climate regimes alter stability functions microbial biosphere remains unknown. We reciprocally transplanted field soils across a latitudinal gradient to simulate change sampled annually after harvesting maize over following 6 years (from 2005 2011). By sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, we found that changing significantly altered composition dynamics communities. A continuous succession abundant communities was observed. Rare were more stable under climatic regimes, with lower variations temporal dynamics, higher constancy diversity. More nitrogen cycling genes detected members than members, including amoA , napA nifH nirK nirS norB nrfA . Random forest analysis receiver operating characteristics showed may act as potential contributors yield climatics. The study indicates taxonomically functionally has increase functional redundancy enhance ability counteract environmental disturbances. With ongoing global change, exploring process changes be elucidating ecosystem multifunctionality are mediated by

Language: Английский

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Abundance of kinless hubs within soil microbial networks are associated with high functional potential in agricultural ecosystems

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 105869 - 105869

Published: June 25, 2020

Microbial taxa within complex ecological networks can be classified by their universal roles based on level of connectivity with other taxa. Highly connected an network (kinless hubs) are theoretically expected to support higher levels ecosystem functions than less (peripherals). Empirical evidence the role kinless hubs in regulating functional potential soil microbial communities, however, is largely unexplored and poorly understood agricultural ecosystems. Here, we built a correlation fungal bacterial using large-scale survey consisting 243 samples across functionally economically important ecosystems (wheat maize); found that relative abundance as positively significantly correlated genes including for C fixation, degradation, methanol, N cycling, P cycling S cycling. Structural equation modeling multiple properties further indicated hubs, but not provincial, connector or peripheral taxa, had direct significant positive relationships genes. Our findings provide novel associated high potential, implications understanding managing (through manipulating key species) at large spatial scale.

Language: Английский

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A census-based estimate of Earth's bacterial and archaeal diversity

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. e3000106 - e3000106

Published: Feb. 4, 2019

The global diversity of Bacteria and Archaea, the most ancient widespread forms life on Earth, is a subject intense controversy. This controversy stems largely from fact that existing estimates are entirely based theoretical models or extrapolations small biased data sets. Here, in an attempt to census bulk Earth's bacterial archaeal ("prokaryotic") clades estimate their overall richness, we analyzed over 1.7 billion 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequences V4 hypervariable region obtained 492 studies worldwide, covering multitude environments using multiple alternative primers. From this set, recovered 739,880 prokaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 16S-V4 gene clusters at 97% similarity), commonly used measure microbial richness. Using several statistical approaches, there exist globally about 0.8-1.6 million OTUs, which somewhere between 47%-96%, representing >99.98% cells. Consistent with conclusion, our set independently "recaptured" 91%-93% previous surveys, including PCR-independent metagenomic surveys. distribution relative OTU abundances consistent log-normal model observed larger organisms; total number OTUs predicted by also richness estimates. By combining ratio full-length versus partial-length (V4) sequence SILVA database, further 2.2-4.3 worldwide. When restricting analysis Americas, while controlling for studies, obtain similar as suggesting distributed. Qualitatively results other similarity thresholds (90%, 95%, 99%). Our constrain extent poorly quantified rare biosphere refute recent predictions trillions OTUs.

Language: Английский

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Interpretations of Environmental Microbial Community Studies Are Biased by the Selected 16S rRNA (Gene) Amplicon Sequencing Pipeline

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

One of the major methods to identify microbial community composition, unravel population dynamics, and explore diversity in environmental samples is high-throughput DNA- or RNA-based 16S rRNA (gene) amplicon sequencing combination with bioinformatics analyses. However, focusing on from contrasting habitats, it was not systematically evaluated i.) which analysis provide results that reflect reality most accurately, ii.) how interpretations studies are biased by different iii.) if optimal workflow can be implemented an easy-to-use pipeline. Here, we compared performance tools (i.e. Mothur, QIIME1, QIIME2, MEGAN) using three mock datasets known composition differed quality, species number abundance distribution even uneven), phylogenetic closely related well-separated sequences). Our showed QIIME2 outcompeted all other investigated sequence recovery (>10 times fewer false positives), taxonomic assignments (>22% better F-score) estimates (>5% assessment), suggesting this approach able situ accurately. Further 24 obtained four terrestrial freshwater sites revealed dramatic differences resulting for pipelines at genus level. For instance, river water Sphaerotilus only reported when QIIME1 (8% abundance) Agitococcus (2% 3% abundance, respectively), but both genera remained undetected analyzed Mothur MEGAN. Since these abundant taxa probably have implications important biogeochemical cycles (e.g. nitrate sulfate reduction) sites, their detection semi-quantitative enumeration crucial valid interpretations. A high-performance computing conformant constructed allow FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) starting raw files, identified our study. presented should considered future studies, thereby facilitating data substantially, while maximizing reliability confidence analysis.

Language: Английский

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