Biomaterials Science,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
5(8), P. 1480 - 1490
Published: Jan. 1, 2017
In
tissues,
many
cells
are
surrounded
by
and
interact
with
a
three-dimensional
soft
extracellular
matrix
(ECM).
Both
the
physical
biochemical
properties
of
ECM
play
major
role
in
regulating
cell
behaviours.
To
better
understand
impact
on
behaviours,
natural
synthetic
hydrogels
have
been
developed
for
use
as
ECMs
3D
culture.
It
has
long
known
that
tissues
viscoelastic,
or
display
time-dependent
response
to
deformation
mechanical
loading,
exhibiting
stress
relaxation
creep.
However,
only
recently
there
efforts
made
aspects
mechanics
behaviours
using
Here
we
review
characterization
molecular
basis
hydrogel
viscoelasticity
plasticity,
describe
newly
approaches
tuning
2D
Then
highlight
several
recent
studies
finding
potent
creep
such
spreading,
proliferation,
differentiation
mesenchymal
stem
cells.
The
biology
remains
largely
unclear,
ripe
further
exploration.
Further
elucidation
this
topic
may
substantially
advance
our
understanding
cell-matrix
interactions
during
development,
homeostasis,
wound
healing,
disease,
guide
design
biomaterials
regenerative
medicine.
Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
361(6400)
Published: June 21, 2018
Transcriptome
mapping
in
the
3D
brain
RNA
sequencing
samples
entire
transcriptome
but
lacks
anatomical
information.
In
situ
hybridization,
on
other
hand,
can
only
profile
a
small
number
of
transcripts.
technologies
address
these
shortcomings
face
challenge
dense,
complex
tissue
environments.
Wang
et
al.
combined
an
efficient
approach
with
hydrogel-tissue
chemistry
to
develop
multidisciplinary
technology
for
three-dimensional
(3D)
intact-tissue
(see
Perspective
by
Knöpfel).
More
than
1000
genes
were
simultaneously
mapped
sections
mouse
at
single-cell
resolution
define
cell
types
and
circuit
states
reveal
organization
principles.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
eaat5691
;
see
also
328
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
121(8), P. 4309 - 4372
Published: April 12, 2021
Hydrogels
are
polymer
networks
infiltrated
with
water.
Many
biological
hydrogels
in
animal
bodies
such
as
muscles,
heart
valves,
cartilages,
and
tendons
possess
extreme
mechanical
properties
including
being
extremely
tough,
strong,
resilient,
adhesive,
fatigue-resistant.
These
also
critical
for
hydrogels'
diverse
applications
ranging
from
drug
delivery,
tissue
engineering,
medical
implants,
wound
dressings,
contact
lenses
to
sensors,
actuators,
electronic
devices,
optical
batteries,
water
harvesters,
soft
robots.
Whereas
numerous
have
been
developed
over
the
last
few
decades,
a
set
of
general
principles
that
can
rationally
guide
design
using
different
materials
fabrication
methods
various
remain
central
need
field
materials.
This
review
is
aimed
at
synergistically
reporting:
(i)
achieve
physical
properties,
(ii)
implementation
strategies
unconventional
networks,
(iii)
future
directions
orthogonal
multiple
combined
mechanical,
physical,
chemical,
properties.
Because
these
based
on
generic
they
applicable
other
elastomers
organogels.
Overall,
will
not
only
provide
comprehensive
systematic
guidelines
rational
materials,
but
provoke
interdisciplinary
discussions
fundamental
question:
why
does
nature
select
constitute
major
parts
bodies?
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
121(18), P. 11385 - 11457
Published: May 3, 2021
Advances
in
hydrogel
technology
have
unlocked
unique
and
valuable
capabilities
that
are
being
applied
to
a
diverse
set
of
translational
applications.
Hydrogels
perform
functions
relevant
range
biomedical
purposes-they
can
deliver
drugs
or
cells,
regenerate
hard
soft
tissues,
adhere
wet
prevent
bleeding,
provide
contrast
during
imaging,
protect
tissues
organs
radiotherapy,
improve
the
biocompatibility
medical
implants.
These
make
hydrogels
useful
for
many
distinct
pressing
diseases
conditions
even
less
conventional
areas
such
as
environmental
engineering.
In
this
review,
we
cover
major
hydrogels,
with
focus
on
novel
benefits
injectable
how
they
relate
applications
medicine
environment.
We
pay
close
attention
development
contemporary
requires
extensive
interdisciplinary
collaboration
accomplish
highly
specific
complex
biological
tasks
from
cancer
immunotherapy
tissue
engineering
vaccination.
complement
our
discussion
preclinical
clinical
mechanical
design
considerations
needed
scaling
technologies
application.
anticipate
readers
will
gain
more
complete
picture
expansive
possibilities
practical
impactful
differences
across
numerous
fields
Materials Science and Engineering R Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
140, P. 100543 - 100543
Published: Feb. 18, 2020
3D
printing
alias
additive
manufacturing
can
transform
virtual
models
created
by
computer-aided
design
(CAD)
into
physical
objects
in
a
layer-by-layer
manner
dispensing
with
conventional
molding
or
machining.
Since
the
incipiency,
significant
advancements
have
been
achieved
understanding
process
of
and
relationship
component,
structure,
property
application
objects.
Because
hydrogels
are
one
most
feasible
classes
ink
materials
for
this
field
has
rapidly
advancing,
Review
focuses
on
hydrogel
designs
development
advanced
hydrogel-based
biomaterial
inks
bioinks
printing.
It
covers
techniques
including
laser
(stereolithography,
two-photon
polymerization),
extrusion
(3D
plotting,
direct
writing),
inkjet
printing,
bioprinting,
4D
bioprinting.
provides
comprehensive
overview
discussion
tailorability
material,
mechanical,
physical,
chemical
biological
properties
to
enable
The
range
hydrogel-forming
polymers
covered
encompasses
biopolymers,
synthetic
polymers,
polymer
blends,
nanocomposites,
functional
cell-laden
systems.
representative
biomedical
applications
selected
demonstrate
how
is
being
exploited
tissue
engineering,
regenerative
medicine,
cancer
research,
vitro
disease
modeling,
high-throughput
drug
screening,
surgical
preparation,
soft
robotics
flexible
wearable
electronics.
Incomparable
thermoplastics,
thermosets,
ceramics
metals,
playing
pivotal
role
creation
(bio)systems
customizable
way.
An
outlook
future
directions
presented.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
117(20), P. 12764 - 12850
Published: Oct. 9, 2017
The
cell
microenvironment
has
emerged
as
a
key
determinant
of
behavior
and
function
in
development,
physiology,
pathophysiology.
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
within
the
serves
not
only
structural
foundation
for
cells
but
also
source
three-dimensional
(3D)
biochemical
biophysical
cues
that
trigger
regulate
behaviors.
Increasing
evidence
suggests
3D
character
is
required
development
many
critical
responses
observed
vivo,
fueling
surge
functional
biomimetic
materials
engineering
microenvironment.
Progress
design
such
improved
control
behaviors
advanced
fields
tissue
regeneration,
vitro
models,
large-scale
differentiation,
immunotherapy,
gene
therapy.
However,
field
still
its
infancy,
discoveries
about
nature
cell–microenvironment
interactions
continue
to
overturn
much
early
progress
field.
Key
challenges
be
dissecting
roles
chemistry,
structure,
mechanics,
electrophysiology
microenvironment,
understanding
harnessing
periodicity
drift
these
factors.
This
review
encapsulates
where
recent
advances
appear
leave
ever-shifting
state
art,
it
highlights
areas
which
substantial
potential
uncertainty
remain.
