Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 347(6223)

Published: Jan. 16, 2015

Crossing the boundaries in global sustainability The planetary boundary (PB) concept, introduced 2009, aimed to define environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate. This approach has proved influential policy development. Steffen et al. provide an updated and extended analysis of PB framework. Of original nine proposed boundaries, they identify three (including climate change) that might push Earth system into a new state if crossed also have pervasive influence on remaining boundaries. They develop framework so it be applied usefully regional context. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.1259855

Language: Английский

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Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 99(3-4), P. 125 - 161

Published: Feb. 15, 2010

Language: Английский

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Network Analysis: An Integrative Approach to the Structure of Psychopathology

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 91 - 121

Published: March 28, 2013

In network approaches to psychopathology, disorders result from the causal interplay between symptoms (e.g., worry → insomnia fatigue), possibly involving feedback loops a person may engage in substance abuse forget problems that arose due abuse). The present review examines methodologies suited identify such symptom networks and discusses analysis techniques be used extract clinically scientifically useful information which is most central person's network). authors also show how construct simulation models mimic dynamics. Network naturally explain limited success of traditional research strategies, are typically based on idea manifestations some common underlying factor, while offering promising methodological alternatives. addition, these offer possibilities guide evaluate therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Climate Extremes and their Impacts on the Natural Physical Environment

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109 - 230

Published: May 28, 2012

This chapter addresses changes in weather and climate events relevant to extreme impacts disasters. An (weather or climate) event is generally defined as the occurrence of a value variable above (or below) threshold near upper lower) ends ('tails') range observed values variable. Some extremes (e.g., droughts, floods) may be result an accumulation that are, individually, not themselves (though their extreme). As well, events, even if statistical sense, can still lead conditions impacts, either by crossing critical social, ecological, physical system, occurring simultaneously with other events. A system such tropical cyclone have impact, depending on where when it approaches landfall, specific relative cyclones. Conversely, all necessarily serious impacts. [3.1]

Language: Английский

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Anticipating Critical Transitions

Science, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 338(6105), P. 344 - 348

Published: Oct. 19, 2012

All Change Research on early warning signals for critical transitions in complex systems such as ecosystems, climate, and global finance recently has been gathering pace. At the same time, studies networks are starting to reveal which architecture may cause be vulnerable systemic collapse. Scheffer et al. (p. 344 ) review how previously isolated lines of work can connected, conclude that many (such escape from poverty trap) have positive outcomes, highlight new approaches sensing fragility help detect both risks opportunities desired change.

Language: Английский

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Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere

Nature, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 486(7401), P. 52 - 58

Published: June 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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An astronomically dated record of Earth’s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6509), P. 1383 - 1387

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Much of our understanding Earth's past climate comes from the measurement oxygen and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals existing records lack temporal resolution age control needed to thoroughly categorize states Cenozoic era study their dynamics. Here, we present a new, highly resolved, astronomically dated, continuous composite foraminifer developed laboratories. Four states-Hothouse, Warmhouse, Coolhouse, Icehouse-are identified on basis distinctive response astronomical forcing depending greenhouse gas concentrations polar ice sheet volume. Statistical analysis nonlinear behavior encoded record reveals key role that volume plays predictability

Language: Английский

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The Arctic’s rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis

Climatic Change, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 110(3-4), P. 1005 - 1027

Published: June 7, 2011

The sequence of extreme September sea ice extent minima over the past decade suggests acceleration in response Arctic cover to external forcing, hastening ongoing transition towards a seasonally open Ocean. This reflects several mutually supporting processes. Because extensive water recent Septembers, following spring is increasingly dominated by thin, first-year (ice formed during previous autumn and winter) that vulnerable melting out summer. Thinner turn fosters stronger summer ice-albedo feedback through earlier formation areas. A thin also more strong retreat under anomalous atmospheric forcing. Finally, general warming has reduced likelihood cold years could bring about temporary recovery cover. Events leading exemplify these

Language: Английский

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Impacts of Microplastics on the Soil Biophysical Environment

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(17), P. 9656 - 9665

Published: July 27, 2018

Soils are essential components of terrestrial ecosystems that experience strong pollution pressure. Microplastic contamination soils is being increasingly documented, with potential consequences for soil biodiversity and function. Notwithstanding, data on effects such contaminants fundamental properties potentially impacting biota lacking. The present study explores the microplastics to disturb vital relationships between water, as well its structure microbial During a 5-weeks garden experiment we exposed loamy sand environmentally relevant nominal concentrations (up 2%) four common microplastic types (polyacrylic fibers, polyamide beads, polyester polyethylene fragments). Then, measured bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, aggregation, activity. Microplastics affected functional relationship activity stable aggregates. underestimated if idiosyncrasies particle type neglected, suggesting purely qualitative environmental might be limited value assessment in soil. If extended other plastic types, processes unravelled here suggest long-term anthropogenic stressors drivers global change ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6611)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Climate tipping points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-perpetuating beyond warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth impacts. Synthesizing paleoclimate, observational, and model-based studies, we provide revised shortlist global "core" elements regional "impact" their temperature thresholds. Current ~1.1°C above preindustrial temperatures already lies within lower end some point uncertainty ranges. Several may be triggered Paris Agreement range 1.5 <2°C warming, with many more likely at 2 3°C expected on current policy trajectories. This strengthens evidence base for urgent action mitigate develop improved risk assessment, early warning capability, adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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