Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 1925 - 1932

Published: Oct. 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a decade of nitrogen and phosphorus additions drive above‐ground productivity in a tallgrass prairie

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 102(6), P. 1649 - 1660

Published: Aug. 11, 2014

Summary Nutrient additions typically increase terrestrial ecosystem productivity, reduce plant diversity and alter community composition; however, the effects of P interactions between N are understudied. We added both (10 g m −2 ) three levels (2.5, 5 10 to a native, ungrazed tallgrass prairie burned biennially in northeastern K ansas, USA , determine independent interactive on composition above‐ground net primary productivity ( ANPP ). After decade nutrient additions, we found few alone composition, had stronger effects, combined resulted much larger than either alone. The changes were driven by decreased abundance C 4 grasses, perhaps response altered with mycorrhizal fungi, concurrent increased non‐ ‐fixing perennial annual forbs. Surprisingly, this large shift little effect richness, evenness diversity. but variable over time. Initially, after years, returned ambient as grasses declined shifted dominance Once these forbs became dominant, was more variable, pulses forb production only years when site burned. Synthesis . that interacted drive which minimal species variability time consequence burning. Thus, inputs ecosystems have potential stability function time, particularly within context natural disturbance regimes.

Language: Английский

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Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta‐analysis

Oikos, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 127(6), P. 757 - 766

Published: Dec. 14, 2017

Most of our knowledge the effect grazing on grassland structure is based grazed–ungrazed contrasts. The effects in most common scenario, where intensity varies from low to high intensity, are less known. objectives this paper were 1) quantify stocking rates species richness and diversity grasslands world‐wide, 2) evaluate response under different environmental experimental conditions. We conducted a meta‐analysis experiments with at least two levels controlled evaluated their diversity. results showed that either reducing or increasing rate moderate level mostly fell within range  25% 5 species. Mean was negative. lowering not zero. However, overall, significantly decreased as increased. related mean precipitation, productivity aridity. negative responses larger arid, systems than subhumid humid systems. found review smaller composition shown by literature. Thus, drastically changes composition, but net change much smaller.

Language: Английский

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Plant Strategies for Enhancing Access to Sunlight

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(17), P. R931 - R940

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Light competition drives herbivore and nutrient effects on plant diversity

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 611(7935), P. 301 - 305

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Abstract Enrichment of nutrients and loss herbivores are assumed to cause a plant diversity in grassland ecosystems because they increase cover, which leads decrease light the understory 1–3 . Empirical tests role competition for natural systems based on indirect evidence, have been topic debate last 40 years. Here we show that experimentally restoring plants mitigates is caused by either nutrient enrichment or absence mammalian herbivores. The initial effect addition under fertilization was transitory outweighed greater herbivory levels, indicating major factor controls diversity, partly through light. Our results provide direct experimental system, key mechanism contributes biodiversity after cessation herbivory. findings also effects can outpace Management practices target maintaining grazing native domestic could therefore applications protecting ecosystems, alleviate understory.

Language: Английский

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Responses and feedback of the Tibetan Plateau’s alpine ecosystem to climate change

Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version), Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 64(27), P. 2842 - 2855

Published: Aug. 29, 2019

The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the “third pole of Earth”, houses a diverse array alpine-ecosystem types and serves critical ecological security shield for China even many other regions Asia. In recent decades, rapid climate change in Plateau has led to profound changes structure functioning its ecosystem. Such ecosystem can not only profoundly impact environment high plateau itself but extend significant influence over that surrounding areas. With continuous growth data obtained via long-term situ monitoring, manipulative experiments, satellite remote sensing, model simulations, scientists have recently made advances research on responses feedback Plateau’s alpine change. Aiming identify knowledge gaps stimulate future research, we provide comprehensive review past efforts understand how impacted ecosystem, which turn provides climate. particular, focus impacts including vegetation phenology, treeline position, species biodiversity, productivity, carbon sink, along with involving regional hydrology through local teleconnected biophysical loops. A number key findings emerge based cumulative from old wells researches. (1) Climate warming during several decades significantly advanced spring phenology Plateau. (2) Further, shifted upward varying amplitudes may been regulated by factors such precipitation interspecific interactions. (3) plant-community steppe is sensitive change, considerably reducing biodiversity abundance. However, alpine-meadow diversity abundance still inconclusive. (4) Furthermore, increased consequently lead an enhanced sink. warming-induced accumulation higher meadows than steppes. effect soil stock remains highly uncertain mainly because spatial heterogeneity properties lack information regarding deep-layer processes. (5) Warming-induced greening overall cooling countering modulates far-reaching patterns East Asian monsoon. modeling results suggest this trend increases South reduces region between Yellow Yangtze Rivers. Even progress study ecosystem-climate interaction remain. These opportunities needs expand optimize observation networks improve understanding processes deepen comprehension response acclimation mechanisms under warming. enhancement thus will important guidelines improving management safeguarding

Language: Английский

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The present and future of grassland restoration

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(S1)

Published: March 16, 2021

Grasslands contribute greatly to biodiversity and human livelihoods; they support 70% of the world's agricultural area, but are heavily degraded by land use. Grassland restoration research management receives less attention than forests or freshwater habitats, although grasslands critical for sustaining ecosystems multifunctionality capacity biodiversity. In this article, we introduce a Special Issue which considers major trends prospects in grassland restoration. We identified three key topics: First, must confront widespread seed site limitations, new monitoring methods, including remote sensing techniques, projects. Second, highlight that restored typically require ongoing disturbance is required determine optimal approaches implementing during Third, global regional agendas should be harmonized with site‐level goals, syntheses current knowledge needs guide across scales. also identify gaps filled, challenges face future: (1) need careful target vegetation selection climate‐adaptive restoration; (2) lack dynamics several regions types, drylands (sub)tropical regions; (3) increased importance species arrival sequence, high stochasticity establishment; finally (4) issues post‐restoration guarantee long‐term sustainability sites. A generation projects bridge these necessary mitigate environmental spanning localities globe as commence UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

Language: Английский

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Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(5), P. 2957 - 2969

Published: Nov. 14, 2020

Summary Despite widespread anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, it remains unclear how enrichment influences plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and ecosystem multifunctionality at the global scale. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to examine worldwide effects of on AMF plant diversity using data field experiments from 136 papers. Our analyses showed that addition simultaneously decreased abundance belowground aboveground The decreases in associated with were more pronounced increasing experimental duration, mean annual temperature (MAT) precipitation (MAP). Nutrient addition‐induced changes soil pH available phosphorus (P) predominantly regulated responses abundance. Furthermore, correlated under worldwide. findings identify negative suggest is closely linked function. This study offers an important advancement our understanding plant–AMF interactions their likely ongoing change.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of large herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(11), P. R584 - R610

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Experimental impacts of grazing on grassland biodiversity and function are explained by aridity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Grazing by domestic herbivores is the most widespread land use on planet, and also a major global change driver in grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence long-term impacts of livestock grazing biodiversity function largely lacking. Here, we report results from network 10 sites paired grazed ungrazed grasslands across an aridity gradient, including some largest remaining native planet. We show that partly explains responses multifunctionality to grazing. greatly reduced steppes with higher aridity, while had no effects relatively lower aridity. Moreover, found further changed capacity above- below-ground explain multifunctionality. Thus, plant diversity was positively correlated excluded livestock, soil Together, our cross-site experiment reveals depend levels, more arid experiencing negative ecosystem highlight fundamental importance conserving for protecting

Language: Английский

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