Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 574(7780), P. 671 - 674

Published: Oct. 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of the impacts of global change factors on soil microbial diversity and functionality

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 17, 2020

Biodiversity on the Earth is changing at an unprecedented rate due to a variety of global change factors (GCFs). However, effects GCFs microbial diversity unclear despite that soil microorganisms play critical role in biogeochemical cycling. Here, we synthesize 1235 GCF observations worldwide and show rare species are more sensitive than common species, while do not always lead reduction diversity. GCFs-induced shifts alpha can be predominately explained by changed pH. In addition, impacts functionality community structure biomass rather Altogether, our findings fundamentally different from previous knowledge for well-studied plant animal communities, crucial policy-making conservation hotspots under changes.

Language: Английский

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β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 549 - 564

Published: May 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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Soil microbiomes and one health

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 6 - 20

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Middle-range theories of land system change

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 52 - 67

Published: Sept. 14, 2018

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open questions

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 1 - 73

Published: June 27, 2017

In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most which focussed on limited set variables. The Jena Experiment was up in 2002 to investigate effects plant diversity element cycling trophic interactions, using multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review results 15 years research Experiment, focussing manipulating species richness functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from plots, has allowed answering fundamental questions important for research. First, question how general effect is, regarding many different processes that take place an ecosystem. About 45% types measured 'main experiment', where ranged 1 60 species, were significantly affected by richness, providing strong support view is significant driver functioning. Many not saturating at 60-species level, but increased linearly with logarithm There was, however, great variability strength response among processes. One striking pattern processes, particular belowground took several respond manipulation showing experiments be long-term, distinguish trends transitory patterns. addition, provide further evidence begets stability, example stability against invasion unexpectedly some also suggested opposite, e.g. when communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights need revisit diversity–stability theory. Second, explored whether individual groups, itself biomass production. We found groups production, yet these mostly occurred addition to, instead of, Third, assessed multitrophic interactions. organisms responded positively increases stronger above- organisms, herbivores carnivores detritivores. Thus, diversity. organismic abundances. Fourth, aimed assess N, P C water balance separating input into ecosystem, turnover, stocks, output While inputs generally less turnover often diversity, carbon storage strongly increasing Variables N cycle variables cycle. Fifth, traits are used unravel mechanisms underlying biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. traits, both belowground, plastic trait expression depended complex way, suggesting limitation database linking functions. Sixth, caused Analyses including structural equation modelling suggest interactions changed soil greenhouse gas emission changes composition activity microbial community. Manipulation experiments, invertebrates, excluded plots split-plot supported role biotic component fluxes. Seventh, put context agricultural practices managed grasslands. 16 absolute terms, as intensive grassland management, fertiliser mowing frequency. Potential bioenergy production high-diversity similar conventionally energy crops. These diverse 'High Nature Value Grasslands' multifunctional can deliver range services production-related services. A final task importance potential artefacts relationships, weeding community maintain composition. effort (in hours) needed weed plot negatively related still majority Weeding did affect monoculture performance; rather, monocultures deteriorated over time biological reasons, shown plant-soil feedback experiments. To summarize, comprehensive analysis main challenge future increase our mechanistic understanding why magnitude differs contexts. It likely there will no simple answer. For example, multitude underlie positive biomass, received such vertical root niche partitioning. However, others could rejected targeted analyses. current it seems acting simultaneously communities, reduced pathogen attack, presence growth promoting seed limitation, differences leading complementarity uptake. Distinguishing requires careful testing competing hypotheses. Biodiversity matured predictive approaches now possible.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial communities drive the resistance of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change in drylands across the globe

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 1295 - 1305

Published: Sept. 17, 2017

The relationship between soil microbial communities and the resistance of multiple ecosystem functions linked to C, N P cycling (multifunctionality resistance) global change has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We collected soils from 59 dryland ecosystems worldwide investigate importance as predictor multifunctionality climate nitrogen fertilisation. Multifunctionality had a lower wetting-drying cycles than warming or deposition. was regulated by changes composition (relative abundance phylotypes) but not richness, total fungi bacteria fungal: bacterial ratio. Our results suggest that positive effects particular taxa on could potentially be controlled altering pH. Together, our work demonstrates strong links community six continents, provides insights into for buffering drylands worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Land-use intensity alters networks between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(45), P. 28140 - 28149

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Significance Ecosystem services derive from ecosystem functions and rely on complex interactions among a diversity of organisms. By understanding the relationships between biodiversity, functions, humans receive nature, we can anticipate how changes in land use will affect ecosystems human wellbeing. We show that increasing land-use intensity homogenizes synergies three organizational levels ecosystem, namely, services. Increasing keystone components, which are important for functioning alters trade-offs Our approach provides comprehensive view identify key attributes to monitor order prevent critical shifts ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 575(7781), P. 98 - 108

Published: Nov. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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Sustainable soil use and management: An interdisciplinary and systematic approach

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 729, P. 138961 - 138961

Published: April 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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