Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO ₂ emissions scenarios

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 349(6243)

Published: July 3, 2015

Carbon emissions and their ocean impacts Anthropogenic CO 2 directly affect atmospheric chemistry but also have a strong influence on the oceans. Gattuso et al. review how physics, chemistry, ecology of oceans might be affected based two emission trajectories: one business as usual with aggressive reductions. Ocean warming, acidification, sea-level rise, expansion oxygen minimum zones will continue to distinct marine communities ecosystems. The path that humanity takes regarding largely determine severity these phenomena. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.aac4722

Language: Английский

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The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Physiological impacts of elevated carbon dioxide and ocean acidification on fish

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 307(9), P. R1061 - R1084

Published: Aug. 28, 2014

Most fish studied to date efficiently compensate for a hypercapnic acid-base disturbance; however, many recent studies examining the effects of ocean acidification on have documented impacts at CO 2 levels predicted occur before end this century. Notable neurosensory and behavioral endpoints, otolith growth, mitochondrial function, metabolic rate demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity current-day near-future levels. explanations these seem center increases in Pco HCO 3 − that body during pH compensation balance; few measured parameters environmentally relevant or directly related them reported negative endpoints. This compensatory response is well documented, but noted variation dynamic regulation transport pathways across species, exposure levels, duration suggests multiple strategies may be utilized cope with hypercapnia. Understanding changes ion gradients extracellular intracellular compartments could provide basis predicting explaining interspecies variation. Based analysis existing literature, present review presents clear message cause significant physiological systems, suggesting does not necessarily confer tolerance as downstream consequences tradeoffs occur. It remains difficult assess if acclimation responses abrupt exposures will translate fitness over longer timescales. Nonetheless, identifying mechanisms processes subject selective pressure one important components assessing adaptive capacity.

Language: Английский

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Animal behaviour shapes the ecological effects of ocean acidification and warming: moving from individual to community‐level responses

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 974 - 989

Published: Dec. 23, 2015

Abstract Biological communities are shaped by complex interactions between organisms and their environment as well with other species. Humans rapidly changing the marine through increasing greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in ocean warming acidification. The first response animals to environmental change is predominantly modification of behaviour, which turn affects species ecological processes. Yet, many climate studies ignore animal behaviour. Furthermore, our current knowledge how global alters behaviour mostly restricted single species, life phases stressors, leading an incomplete view coinciding stressors can affect that structure biological communities. Here, we review on effects acidification animals. We demonstrate pervasive a wide range critical behaviours determine persistence success then evaluate several approaches studying acidification, identify gaps need be filled, better understand will populations altered behaviours. Our provides synthesis far‐reaching consequences behavioural changes could have for ecosystems environment. Without considering limit ability forecast impacts provide insights aid management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Are global warming and ocean acidification conspiring against marine ectotherms? A meta-analysis of the respiratory effects of elevated temperature, high CO₂and their interaction

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. cow009 - cow009

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

With the occurrence of global change, research aimed at estimating performance marine ectotherms in a warmer and acidified future has intensified. The concept oxygen- capacity-limited thermal tolerance, which is inspired by Fry paradigm bell-shaped increase–optimum–decrease-type response aerobic scope to increasing temperature, but also includes proposed negative synergistic effects elevated CO2 levels, been suggested as unifying framework. objectives this meta-analysis were assess following: (i) generality relationship between absolute (AAS) temperature; (ii) what extent affects resting oxygen uptake MO2rest AAS; (iii) whether there an interaction temperature CO2. behavioural are briefly discussed. In 31 out 73 data sets (both acutely exposed acclimated), AAS increased remained above 90% maximum, whereas clear optimum was observed remaining 42 sets. Carbon dioxide caused significant rise only 18 125 sets, decrease 25, it four increase two. analysis did not reveal evidence for overall correlation with regime or duration treatment. When had effect, additive rather than interactions most common and, interestingly, they even interacted antagonistically on AAS. could complicate experimental determination respiratory performance. Overall, reveals heterogeneity responses that accordance idea single principle cannot be ignored attempts model predict impacts warming ocean acidification ectotherms.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification can mediate biodiversity shifts by changing biogenic habitat

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 81 - 85

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Language: Английский

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Marine animal behaviour in a high CO2 ocean

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 536, P. 259 - 279

Published: July 20, 2015

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 536:259-279 (2015) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11426 REVIEW animal behaviour in a high CO2 ocean Jeff C. Clements*, Heather L. Hunt Department of Biology, University New Brunswick Saint John Campus, 100 Tucker Park Road, E2L 4L5, NB, Canada *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Recently, effects acidification (OA) on marine have garnered considerable attention, as they can impact biological interactions and, turn, ecosystem structure and functioning. We reviewed current published literature OA synthesize understanding how may behaviour, elucidate critical unknowns, provide suggestions for future research. Although studies focused equally vertebrates invertebrates, vertebrate primarily coral reef fishes, contrast broader diversity invertebrate taxa studied. A quantitative synthesis direction magnitude change behaviours from conditions under scenarios suggests negative impacts that vary depending species, ecosystem, behaviour. The interactive co-occurring environmental parameters with increasing elicit different those observed elevated alone. 12% incorporated multiple factors, only one study has examined carbonate system variability animal. Altered GABAA receptor functioning appears responsible many behavioural responses; however, this mechanism is unlikely be universal. recommend new focus determining context drivers variability, mechanisms governing association between acid-base regulation This knowledge could explain species-specificity responses lend unifying theory KEY WORDS: Animal · Carbon dioxide Climate ecology Ocean climate Full text pdf format PreviousCite article as: Clements JC, HL ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 536:259-279. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited by Published Vol. 536. Online publication date: September 29, 2015 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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Living in a high CO₂ world: a global meta‐analysis shows multiple trait‐mediated fish responses to ocean acidification

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 88(3), P. 320 - 335

Published: Feb. 22, 2018

Abstract Understanding how marine organisms will be affected by global change is of primary importance to ensure ecosystem functioning and nature contributions people. This study meets the call for addressing life‐history traits mediate effects ocean acidification on fish. We built a database overall trait‐mediated responses teleost fish future CO 2 levels searching scientific literature. Using meta‐analytical approach, we investigated projected IPCC 2050–2070 2100 eco‐physiology behavior from 320 contrasts 42 species, stemming polar tropical regions. Moreover, since may experience mosaic carbonate chemistry in coastal environments (e.g., estuaries, upwelling zones intertidal habitats), which have higher p values than open waters, assessed additional 103 21 species using well above projections. Under mid‐century end‐of‐century emission scenarios, found multiple ‐dose‐dependent calcification, resting metabolic rate, yolk, behavioral performances, along with increased predation risk decreased foraging, particularly larvae. Importantly, many considered not confer tolerance elevated far‐reaching ecological consequences population replenishment community structure likely occur. Extreme projections showed mortality while growth, metabolism, yolk were unaffected. exposures short‐term experiments mortality, turn longer‐term exposures. Whatever considered, some key biological processes reproduction, development, habitat choice) critically understudied. Fish are an important resource livelihoods communities component stability ecosystems. Given evidenced here, stress need fill knowledge gap eco‐physiological expand number duration studies multi‐generational, stressor warming, hypoxia, fishing), interactions better elucidate complex ecosystem‐level changes these might alter provisioning services.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater biota and rising pCO₂?

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 98 - 108

Published: Nov. 27, 2015

Abstract Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (C O 2 ) has caused a suite of environmental issues, however, little is known about how the partial pressure C (pC in freshwater will be affected by climate change. Freshwater pC varies across systems and controlled diverse array factors, making it difficult to make predictions future levels . Recent evidence suggests that increasing may directly increase lakes, but rising also indirectly impact variety affecting other contributing factors such as soil respiration, terrestrial productivity regimes. Although remain uncertain, studies have considered potential impacts changes on biota. Studies date focused elevated plankton macrophytes, shown phytoplankton nutritional quality reduced, community structure altered, photosynthesis rates macrophyte distribution shifts with However, number key knowledge gaps gaining better understanding are regulated these biota, important for predicting responses

Language: Английский

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Effects of elevated CO2 on fish behaviour undiminished by transgenerational acclimation

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 4(12), P. 1086 - 1089

Published: Oct. 3, 2014

Language: Английский

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