‘Movers and shakers’ in the regulation of fruit ripening: a cross-dissection of climacteric versus non-climacteric fruit

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 65(17), P. 4705 - 4722

Published: July 3, 2014

Fruit ripening is a complex and highly coordinated developmental process involving the expression of many ripening-related genes under control network signalling pathways. The hormonal climacteric fruit ripening, especially ethylene perception transduction in tomato has been well characterized. Additionally, great strides have made understanding some major regulatory switches (transcription factors such as RIPENING-INHIBITOR other transcriptional regulators COLOURLESS NON-RIPENING, TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs), that are involved ripening. In contrast, related to non-climacteric remains poorly understood. However, most recent breakthrough research data provided several lines evidences for abscisic acid- sucrose-mediated strawberry, model. this review, we discuss findings concerning regulation fleshy their cross-talk future challenges taking model strawberry We also highlight possible contribution epigenetic changes including role plant microRNAs, which opening new avenues possibilities fields fruit-ripening postharvest biology.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 118(1), P. 35 - 51

Published: May 30, 2016

Background and AimsCapsicum (Solanaceae), native to the tropical temperate Americas, comprises well-known sweet hot chili peppers several wild species. So far, only partial taxonomic phylogenetic analyses have been done for genus. Here, relationships between nearly all taxa of Capsicum were explored test monophyly genus obtain a better knowledge species relationships, diversification expansion. Methods Thirty-four approximately 35 sampled. Maximum parsimony Bayesian inference performed using two plastid markers (matK psbA-trnH) one single-copy nuclear gene (waxy). The evolutionary changes nine key features reconstructed following ancestral states method. Ancestral areas through Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis. Key ResultsCapsicum forms monophyletic clade, with Lycianthes as sister group, both approaches. Eleven well-supported clades (four them monotypic) can be recognized within Capsicum, although some interspecific need further A few are useful characterize different (e.g. fruit anatomy, chromosome base number), whereas others highly homoplastic seed colour). origin is postulated in an area along Andes western north-western South America. expansion has followed clockwise direction around Amazon basin, towards central south-eastern Brazil, then back America, finally northwards Central Conclusions New insights provided regarding character evolution, geographical Capsicum. clearly distinct early-diverging clade distinguished, centred western–north-western Subsequent rapid speciation led remaining clades. culminated main cultivated regions

Language: Английский

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Capsaicin: From Plants to a Cancer-Suppressing Agent

Molecules, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 931 - 931

Published: July 27, 2016

Capsaicinoids are plant secondary metabolites, capsaicin being the principal responsible for pungency of chili peppers. It is biosynthesized through two pathways involved in phenylpropanoid and fatty acid metabolism. Plant concentration mainly affected by genetic, environmental crop management factors. However, its synthesis can be enhanced use elicitors. Capsaicin employed as food additive pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, it has been found that act a cancer preventive agent shows wide applications against various types cancer. This review an approach contextualizing controlled stress on to increase content capsaicin, highlighting potential anticancer agent.

Language: Английский

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Next Generation Sequencing Technologies: The Doorway to the Unexplored Genomics of Non-Model Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Dec. 16, 2015

Non-model plants i.e., the species which have one or all of characters such as long life cycle, difficulty to grow in laboratory poor fecundity, been schemed out sequencing projects earlier, due high running cost Sanger sequencing. Consequently, information about their genomics and key biological processes are inadequate. However, advent fast effective next generation platforms recent past has enabled unearthing certain characteristic gene structures unique these species. It also aided gaining insight mechanisms underlying expression secondary metabolism well facilitated development genomic resources for diversity characterization, evolutionary analysis marker assisted breeding even without prior availability sequence information. In this review we explore how different Next Gen Sequencing platforms, advances NGS based throughput genotyping technologies rewarding efforts on de-novo whole genome/ transcriptome sequencing, genome wide markers improvement non-model crops that less costly than phenotyping .

Language: Английский

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Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 541(7636), P. 212 - 216

Published: Dec. 24, 2016

The genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees reveals the species' varying susceptibility to dieback. Woodlands forests around world are increasingly susceptible spread pests pathogens resulting from climate change global trade. In particular, across Europe North America currently threatened by fungal disease dieback infestation emerald borer beetle, respectively. Against this background, Richard Buggs colleagues report first an tree, Fraxinus excelsior, re-sequencing 37 F. excelsior Europe. They find a number variants associated with reduced disease, use these for assessment host populations in area newly under threat pathogen. On basis transcriptomic markers, they predict that UK will prove be less than Denmark. Ash (genus Fraxinus, family Oleaceae) widespread throughout Northern Hemisphere, but being devastated fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causing dieback, herbivorous beetle Agrilus planipennis1,2. Here we low-heterozygosity tree Gloucestershire, UK, annotating 38,852 protein-coding genes which 25% appear specific when compared genomes ten other plant species. Analyses paralogous suggest whole-genome duplication shared olive (Olea europaea, Oleaceae). We also re-sequence Europe, finding evidence apparent long-term decline effective population size. Using our reference sequence, re-analyse association data3, yielding improved markers Surveys British may more Great Britain present H. fraxineus is their iridoid glycoside levels. This rapid, integrated, multidisciplinary research response emerging health non-model organism opens way mitigation epidemic.

Language: Английский

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A chromosome-anchored eggplant genome sequence reveals key events in Solanaceae evolution

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

Abstract With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyletic group in Solanaceae family, but a high-quality genome assembly from this is presently missing. We obtained chromosome-anchored of eggplant ( melongena ), containing 34,916 genes, confirming that diploid gene number around 35,000. Comparative genomic studies with tomato S . lycopersicum potato tuberosum ) and pepper Capsicum annuum highlighted rapid evolution miRNA:mRNA regulatory pairs R-type defense genes Solanaceae, provided basis for lack steroidal glycoalkaloid compounds genus. Using parsimony methods, we reconstructed putative chromosomal complements key founders main clades rearrangements led to karyotypes extant their ancestors. From 10% 15% present four genomes were syntenic paralogs (ohnologs) generated by pre-γ, γ T paleopolyploidy events, enriched transcription factors. Our data suggest basic network controlling fruit ripening conserved different clades, climacteric involves differential regulation relatively few components network, including CNR ethylene biosynthetic genes.

Language: Английский

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Wild tobacco genomes reveal the evolution of nicotine biosynthesis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(23), P. 6133 - 6138

Published: May 23, 2017

Nicotine, the signature alkaloid of Nicotiana species responsible for addictive properties human tobacco smoking, functions as a defensive neurotoxin against attacking herbivores. However, evolution genetic features that contributed to assembly nicotine biosynthetic pathway remains unknown. We sequenced and assembled genomes two wild tobaccos, attenuata (2.5 Gb) obtusifolia (1.5 Gb), ecological models investigating adaptive traits in nature. show after Solanaceae whole-genome triplication event, repertoire rapidly expanding transposable elements (TEs) bloated these genomes, promoted expression divergences among duplicated genes, herbivory-induced signaling defenses, including biosynthesis. The machinery allows synthesis roots evolved from stepwise duplications ancient primary metabolic pathways: polyamine nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pathways. In contrast duplication is shared several solanaceous genera producing polyamine-derived tropane alkaloids, we found lineage-specific within NAD root-specific Solanaceae-specific ethylene response factor activates all genes resulted innovative efficient production genus Transcription binding motifs derived TEs may have coexpression coordinated flux. Together, results provide evidence gene facilitated emergence key innovation relevant plant fitness.

Language: Английский

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Capsaicinoids: Pungency beyond Capsicum

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 109 - 120

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Pangenomic analysis identifies structural variation associated with heat tolerance in pearl millet

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(3), P. 507 - 518

Published: March 1, 2023

Pearl millet is an important cereal crop worldwide and shows superior heat tolerance. Here, we developed a graph-based pan-genome by assembling ten chromosomal genomes with one existing assembly adapted to different climates captured 424,085 genomic structural variations (SVs). Comparative genomics transcriptomics analyses revealed the expansion of RWP-RK transcription factor family involvement endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes in The overexpression gene led enhanced plant tolerance transactivated ER-related quickly, supporting roles factors ER system Furthermore, found that some SVs affected expression associated surrounding shaped adaptation during domestication population. Our study provides comprehensive resource revealing insights into laying foundation for generating more robust crops under changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic discovery of deleterious mutations facilitates hybrid potato breeding

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(11), P. 2313 - 2328.e15

Published: May 1, 2023

Hybrid potato breeding will transform the crop from a clonally propagated tetraploid to seed-reproducing diploid. Historical accumulation of deleterious mutations in genomes has hindered development elite inbred lines and hybrids. Utilizing whole-genome phylogeny 92 Solanaceae its sister clade species, we employ an evolutionary strategy identify mutations. The deep reveals genome-wide landscape highly constrained sites, comprising ∼2.4% genome. Based on diploid diversity panel, infer 367,499 variants, which 50% occur at non-coding 15% synonymous sites. Counterintuitively, with relatively high homozygous burden can be better starting material for inbred-line development, despite showing less vigorous growth. Inclusion inferred increases genomic-prediction accuracy yield by 24.7%. Our study generates insights into incidence properties their far-reaching consequences breeding.

Language: Английский

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