Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
373(1744), P. 20170254 - 20170254
Published: Feb. 26, 2018
The
attention
networks
of
the
human
brain
are
important
control
systems
that
develop
from
infancy
into
adulthood.
While
they
common
to
everyone,
differ
in
efficiency,
forming
basis
individual
differences
attention.
We
have
developed
methods
for
measuring
efficiency
these
older
children
and
adults
also
examined
their
development
infancy.
During
alerting
orienting
dominant
infant's
actions,
but
later
an
executive
network
dominates.
Each
has
been
associated
with
its
main
neuromodulator
led
associations
genes
related
neuromodulator.
links
between
parent
reports
child's
effortful
allow
us
associate
molecular
mechanisms
fundamental
behavioural
outcomes.
This
article
is
part
theme
issue
‘Diverse
perspectives
on
diversity:
multi-disciplinary
approaches
taxonomies
differences’.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
22(10), P. 1376 - 1384
Published: July 25, 2017
Alcohol
consumption
has
been
linked
to
over
200
diseases
and
is
responsible
for
5%
of
the
global
disease
burden.
Well-known
genetic
variants
in
alcohol
metabolizing
genes,
example,
ALDH2
ADH1B,
are
strongly
associated
with
but
have
limited
impact
European
populations
where
they
found
at
low
frequency.
We
performed
a
genome-wide
association
study
(GWAS)
self-reported
112
117
individuals
UK
Biobank
(UKB)
sample
white
British
individuals.
report
significant
associations
14
loci.
These
include
single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
genes
(ADH1B/ADH1C/ADH5)
two
loci
KLB,
gene
recently
consumption.
also
identify
SNPs
novel
including
GCKR,
CADM2
FAM69C.
Gene-based
analyses
implicated
neurobiology
substance
use
(DRD2,
PDE4B).
GCTA
SNP-based
heritability
13%
(se=0.01).
Sex-specific
largely
overlapping
GWAS
correlation
(rG)
between
male
female
was
0.90
(s.e.=0.09,
P-value=7.16
×
10-23).
Using
LD
score
regression,
overlap
years
schooling
(rG=0.18,
s.e.=0.03),
high-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(rG=0.28,
s.e.=0.05),
smoking
(rG=0.40,
s.e.=0.06)
various
anthropometric
traits
(for
overweight,
rG=-0.19,
s.e.=0.05).
This
replicates
identifies
that
should
be
focus
future
studies
investigating
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
7(8), P. e1187 - e1187
Published: Aug. 1, 2017
Tissue
differences
are
one
of
the
largest
contributors
to
variability
in
human
DNA
methylome.
Despite
tissue-specific
nature
methylation,
inaccessibility
brain
samples
necessitates
frequent
use
surrogate
tissues
such
as
blood,
studies
associations
between
methylation
and
function
health.
Results
from
humans
difficult
interpret
this
context,
connection
blood-brain
is
tenuous
not
well-documented.
Here,
we
aimed
provide
a
resource
community
aid
interpretation
blood-based
results
context
tissue.
We
used
paired
16
individuals
three
regions
whole
run
on
Illumina
450
K
Human
Methylation
Array
quantify
concordance
tissues.
From
these
data,
have
made
available
metrics
on:
cytosine-phosphate-guanine
dinucleotides
(CpGs)
our
blood
samples,
CpGs
brain,
estimations
how
strongly
CpG
affected
by
cell
composition
both
through
web
application
BECon
(Blood-Brain
Epigenetic
Concordance;
https://redgar598.shinyapps.io/BECon/).
anticipate
that
will
enable
biological
results,
brain.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: June 19, 2018
The
negative
impacts
of
social
isolation
and
loneliness
on
health
are
well
documented.
However,
little
is
known
about
their
possible
biological
determinants.
In
up
to
452,302
UK
Biobank
study
participants,
we
perform
genome-wide
association
analyses
for
regular
participation
in
activities.
We
identify
15
genomic
loci
(P
<
5
×
10-8)
loneliness,
demonstrate
a
likely
causal
between
adiposity
increased
susceptibility
depressive
symptoms.
Further
were
identified
attendance
at
sports
club
or
gym
(N
=
6
loci),
pub
13)
religious
group
18).
Across
these
traits
there
was
strong
enrichment
genes
expressed
brain
regions
that
control
emotional
expression
behaviour.
aetiological
mechanisms
specific
each
trait,
addition
identifying
pleiotropic
across
multiple
complex
traits.
may
novel
modifiable
risk
factors
associated
with
withdrawal
isolation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
114(5)
Published: Jan. 17, 2017
Epidemiological
and
genetic
association
studies
show
that
genetics
play
an
important
role
in
the
attainment
of
education.
Here,
we
investigate
effect
this
component
on
reproductive
history
109,120
Icelanders
consequent
impact
gene
pool
over
time.
We
educational
polygenic
score,
POLYEDU,
constructed
from
results
a
recent
study
is
associated
with
delayed
reproduction
(P
<
10-100)
fewer
children
overall.
The
stronger
for
women
remains
highly
significant
after
adjusting
attainment.
Based
129,808
born
between
1910
1990,
find
average
POLYEDU
has
been
declining
at
rate
∼0.010
standard
units
per
decade,
which
substantial
evolutionary
timescale.
Most
importantly,
because
only
captures
fraction
overall
underlying
latter
could
be
two
to
three
times
faster.
