Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 569 - 586

Published: June 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Language: Английский

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The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 126 - 168

Published: Dec. 14, 2016

Abstract Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally‐occurring, and highly‐concentrated form of methane, sequesters significant carbon in the global system is stable only over range low‐temperature moderate‐pressure conditions. hydrate widespread sediments marine continental margins permafrost areas, locations where ocean atmospheric warming may perturb stability field lead to release sequestered methane into overlying soils. Methane methane‐derived that escape from soils reach atmosphere could exacerbate greenhouse warming. The synergy between climate gas dissociation feeds popular perception drive catastrophic releases contemporary reservoir. Appropriate evaluation two sides climate‐methane requires assessing direct indirect observational data related phenomena numerical models track interaction hydrates/methane with and/or atmosphere. likely undergoing now on upper slopes shelves ring Arctic Ocean. Many factors—the depth hydrates sediments, strong sediment water column sinks, inability bubbles emitted at seafloor deliver sea‐air interface most cases—mitigate impact concentrations though. There no conclusive proof hydrate‐derived reaching now, but more improved will better characterize climate‐hydrate future.

Language: Английский

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Methane Feedbacks to the Global Climate System in a Warmer World

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 207 - 250

Published: Feb. 16, 2018

Abstract Methane (CH 4 ) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a warming climate, yet current CH budgets, as well future shifts emissions, have high uncertainties. Climate has the potential increase emissions from critical such wetlands, marine and freshwater systems, permafrost, methane hydrates, through temperature, hydrology, vegetation, landscape disturbance, sea level rise. Increased these would turn induce further climate change, resulting positive feedback. Here we synthesize biological, geochemical, physically focused feedback literature, bringing together key findings of disciplines. We discuss environment‐specific processes, including microbial, physical, geochemical interlinkages timescales on which they operate, present state knowledge feedbacks immediate distant future. The important linkages between microbial activity discussed with aim better constrain sensitivity cycle predictions. determine wetlands will form majority up 2100. Beyond this timescale, permafrost environments could become more important. Significant atmosphere dissociation hydrates not expected near Our highlight importance quantifying whether consumption can counterbalance production scenarios.

Language: Английский

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Intercellular wiring enables electron transfer between methanotrophic archaea and bacteria

Nature, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 526(7574), P. 587 - 590

Published: Oct. 20, 2015

Language: Английский

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Major impacts of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, seafloor provide services that are vitally important to entire ocean and biosphere. Rising atmospheric greenhouse gases bringing about significant changes in environmental properties of realm terms water column oxygenation, temperature, pH food supply, with concomitant impacts deep-sea ecosystems. Projections suggest abyssal (3000–6000 m) temperatures could increase by 1°C over next 84 years, while habitats under areas deep-water formation may experience reductions oxygen concentrations as much 0.03 mL L–1 2100. Bathyal depths (200–3000 worldwide will undergo most all oceans year 2100 (0.29 0.37 units). O2 also decline bathyal NE Pacific Southern Oceans, losses up 3.7% or more, especially at intermediate depths. Another parameter, flux particulate organic matter seafloor, is likely significantly oceans, notably Indian Ocean where it predicted decrease 40–55% end century. Unfortunately, how these major affect deep-seafloor is, some cases, very understood. In this paper, we a detailed overview changing parameters be seen continental margin, polar settings. We consider combine other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., fishing, mineral mining, oil gas extraction) further impact discuss possible societal implications.

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal Vents and Methane Seeps: Rethinking the Sphere of Influence

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: May 19, 2016

Although initially viewed as oases within a barren deep ocean, hydrothermal vent and methane seep communities are now recognized to interact with surrounding ecosystems on the sea floor in water column, affect global geochemical cycles. The importance of understanding these interactions is growing potential rises for disturbance from oil gas extraction, seabed mining bottom trawling. Here we synthesize current knowledge nature, extent time space scales background systems. We document an expanded footprint beyond site local venting or seepage respect elemental cycling energy flux, habitat use, trophic interactions, connectivity. Heat released, biogeochemical cycles modified, particulates transported widely plumes. Hard biotic substrates produced at vents seeps used by "benthic background" fauna attachment substrata, shelter, access food via grazing through position current, while fluid fluxes modify planktonic microbial communities. Chemosynthetic production provides nutrition host benthic heterotrophic species multiple horizontal vertical transfer pathways assisted flow, gamete release, animal movements, succession, but remain poorly known. Shared species, genera families indicate that ecological evolutionary connectivity exists among vents, seeps, organic falls sea; genetic linkages inactive assemblages however, practically unstudied. waning activity generates major transitions create links ecosystems, often identifiable ecotones successional stages. nature all dependent depth, well regional oceanography biodiversity. Many ecosystem services associated between chemosynthetic example carbon sequestration, fisheries production, non-market cultural services. quantification sphere influence could be beneficial better management deep-sea environments face industrialization.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 11(14), P. 3941 - 3963

Published: July 29, 2014

Abstract. The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote, and inhospitable environment, yet the ocean seafloor are crucial to our lives through services that they provide. Our understanding of how functions remains limited, but when treated synoptically, diversity supporting, provisioning, regulating cultural becomes apparent. biological pump transports carbon from atmosphere into deep-ocean water masses separated over prolonged periods, reducing impact anthropogenic release. Microbial oxidation methane keeps another potent greenhouse gas out while trapping in authigenic carbonates. Nutrient regeneration by all faunal size classes provides elements necessary for fueling surface productivity fisheries, microbial processes detoxify compounds. Each these occur on very small scale, considering vast area which become important global functioning ocean. also wealth resources, including fish stocks, enormous bioprospecting potential, energy reserves currently being extracted will be increasingly near future. Society benefits intrigue mystery, strange life forms, great unknown has acted muse inspiration imagination since beginning civilization. While many scale microns meters timescales up years, derived result only useful after centuries integrated activity. This dark habitat, covers majority globe, harbors directly humans variety ways; however, same traits differentiate it terrestrial or shallow marine systems greater need spatial temporal experiences increased use society. In this manuscript we aim provide foundation informed conservation management summarizing role

Language: Английский

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Mud volcanism: An updated review

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 81 - 112

Published: March 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(13), P. 4015 - 4020

Published: March 16, 2015

Significance Methane seeps are natural gas leaks at the seafloor that emit methane to hydrosphere. The emission rates controlled by methane-oxidizing microorganisms, which shape ecosystem supplying energy sources other microorganisms and animal symbioses. We provide evidence island-like habitats, harboring distinct microbial communities share few organisms with ecosystems. seep comprise bacteria archaea occur worldwide but locally selected environment. These show high relative sequence abundances, suggesting population densities global relevance for control of from seafloor. At individual seeps, cosmopolitan associated a substantial diversity rare relatives, turning into hotspots biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Marine cold seeps and their manifestations: geological control, biogeochemical criteria and environmental conditions

International Journal of Earth Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 103(7), P. 1889 - 1916

Published: March 25, 2014

Language: Английский

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