The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 81(4)

Published: Nov. 8, 2017

SUMMARY The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize neonatal immediately following birth. establishment and interactive development of this early are believed to be (at least partially) driven modulated by specific compounds present milk. It has been shown that certain genomes infant commensals, particular those bifidobacterial species, genetically adapted utilize glycans secretory fluid, thus representing a very intriguing example host-microbe coevolution, where both partners benefit. In recent years, various metagenomic studies have tried dissect composition functionality microbiome explore distribution across different ecological niches biogeography corresponding microbial consortia, including bacteria viruses, healthy ill subjects. Such analyses linked features microbiota/microbiome, such as reduced diversity or aberrant composition, intestinal illnesses infants disease states manifested at later stages life, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders. Thus, growing number reported on how composition/development may affect risk factors related adult conditions. This concept fueled strategies shape based functional food products. review, we describe microbiota, mechanisms drive its consortia molded natural artificial interventions. Finally, discuss relevance key players bifidobacteria, with respect their role disease.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 713 - 722

Published: July 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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microeco: an R package for data mining in microbial community ecology

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 97(2)

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

A large amount of sequencing data is produced in microbial community ecology studies using the high-throughput technique, especially amplicon-sequencing-based data. After conducting initial bioinformatic analysis amplicon data, performing subsequent statistics and mining based on operational taxonomic unit assignment tables still complicated time-consuming. To address this problem, we present an integrated R package-'microeco' as pipeline for treating environmental This package was developed R6 class system combines a series commonly used advanced approaches research. The includes classes preprocessing, taxa abundance plotting, venn diagram, alpha diversity analysis, beta differential test indicator taxon null model network functional analysis. Each designed to provide set that can be easily accessible users. Compared with other packages field, microeco fast, flexible modularized use provides powerful convenient tools researchers. installed from CRAN (The Comprehensive Archive Network) or github (https://github.com/ChiLiubio/microeco).

Language: Английский

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The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome throughout development and alternative approaches for therapeutic modulation

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 13, 2016

The widespread use of antibiotics in the past 80 years has saved millions human lives, facilitated technological progress and killed incalculable numbers microbes, both pathogenic commensal. Human-associated microbes perform an array important functions, we are now just beginning to understand ways which have reshaped their ecology functional consequences these changes. Mounting evidence shows that influence function immune system, our ability resist infection, capacity for processing food. Therefore, it is more than ever revisit how antibiotics. This review summarizes current research on short-term long-term antibiotic microbiome, from early life adulthood, its effect diseases such as malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, Clostridium difficile infection. Motivated by inappropriate use, explore recent development antivirulence approaches resisting infection while minimizing resistance therapy. We close article discussing probiotics fecal microbiota transplants, promise restore after damage microbiome. Together, results studies this field emphasize importance developing a mechanistic understanding gut enable new therapeutic strategies rationally limit compounds.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 216(1), P. 20 - 40

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that a few species toward an appreciation diverse and niche-specialized microbial communities develop in human host with chronological age. The largest reservoir exists distal gastrointestinal tract, both lumen, where facilitate primary secondary metabolism, on mucosal surfaces, they interact immune cell populations. While local microbial-driven immunomodulation gut is well described, more recent studies have demonstrated role for microbiome influencing remote organs hematopoietic function. Unsurprisingly, therefore, perturbation to composition function microbiota been associated chronic diseases ranging from inflammatory metabolic conditions neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory illnesses. Considerable effort currently focused understanding natural history development humans context health outcomes, parallel improving knowledge microbiome-host molecular interactions. These efforts ultimately aim effective approaches rehabilitate perturbed ecosystems as means restore or prevent disease. This review details modulating focus discusses strategies manipulating management prevention conditions.

Language: Английский

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Phage diversity, genomics and phylogeny

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 125 - 138

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophages of the Human Gut: The “Known Unknown” of the Microbiome

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 195 - 209

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Gut Virome Database Reveals Age-Dependent Patterns of Virome Diversity in the Human Gut

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 724 - 740.e8

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Microbial Ecology along the Gastrointestinal Tract

Microbes and Environments, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 300 - 313

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

The ecosystem of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract traverses a number environmental, chemical, and physical conditions because it runs from oral cavity to anus. These differences in along with food or other ingested substrates affect composition density microbiota as well their functional roles by selecting those that are most suitable for environment. Previous studies have mostly focused on Bacteria, conducted Archaea, Eukarya, Viruses being limited despite important this ecosystem. Furthermore, due challenges associated collecting samples directly inside humans, many still exploratory, primary focus microbiomes. Thus, mechanistic investigate functions using animal models. However, physiology microbiomes need be clarified order aid translation model findings into context humans. This review will highlight Fungi, Viruses, discuss GI healthy perform comparisons three common models: rats, mice, pigs.

Language: Английский

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A causal mechanism for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 471 - 484

Published: May 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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