Scientists’ warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 569 - 586

Published: June 18, 2019

In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support existence of all higher trophic forms. To understand how humans and other forms Earth (including those are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic change, it vital incorporate knowledge microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just microorganisms affect production consumption greenhouse gases) but also they will be affected by human activities. This Consensus Statement documents central role global importance biology. It puts humanity notice that impact depend heavily responses microorganisms, essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future. The majority with share often goes unnoticed despite underlying major biogeochemical cycles food webs, thereby taking a key change. highlights microbiology issues call action microbiologists.

Language: Английский

---

Microbial Ecotoxicology of Marine Plastic Debris: A Review on Colonization and Biodegradation by the “Plastisphere”

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 25, 2019

Over the last decades, it has become clear that plastic pollution presents a global societal and environmental challenge given its increasing presence in oceans. A growing literature focused on microbial life surfaces of these polluants, called 'plastisphere', but general concepts ecotoxicology have only rarely been integrated. Microbial deals with (i) impact pollutants communities inversely (ii) how much microbes can influence their biodegradation. The goal this review is to enlighten 15 years related First, we focus marine various functions ensures ecosystems. In part, also discuss driving factors influencing biofilm development potential role debris as vector for dispersal harmful pathogen species. Second, give critical view extent which microorganisms participate decomposition oceans relevance current standard tests biodegradability at sea. We highlight some examples metabolic pathways polymer conclude several questions regarding gaps knowledge biodegration by identification possible directions future research.

Language: Английский

---

Global Trends in Marine Plankton Diversity across Kingdoms of Life

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179(5), P. 1084 - 1097.e21

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns diversity and underlying drivers remain poorly known, precluding projections responses global changes. Here we investigate latitudinal gradients predictors plankton across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, major virus clades using both molecular imaging data from Tara Oceans. We show a decline for most groups toward poles, mainly driven by decreasing temperatures. Projections into future suggest severe warming surface end 21st century could lead tropicalization in temperate polar regions. These changes may have multiple consequences ecosystem services are expected be particularly significant key areas carbon sequestration, fisheries, conservation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Language: Английский

---

Changing perspectives in marine nitrogen fixation

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6492)

Published: May 14, 2020

Changing views and a changing ocean As component of many biomolecules, nitrogen is crucial element for life, especially in nutrient-poor environs such as the open ocean. Atmospheric dinitrogen gas (N 2 ) abundant but must be fixed by reduction to ammonia, process limited certain organisms environments. Zehr Capone review changes our understanding what marine microorganisms are fixing N , where they live, environmental features influence their activity. fixation more widely distributed than previously thought, we still have much learn about physiology regulation involved. We now better estimates global- basin-scale inputs outputs, questions remain whether oceanic cycle balanced. New tools enabling despite disruptive consequences from human activities, including acidification warming. Science this issue p. eaay9514

Language: Английский

---

Responses of Coral-Associated Bacterial Communities to Local and Global Stressors

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Aug. 15, 2017

The microbial contribution to ecological resilience is still largely overlooked in coral reef ecology. Coral-associated bacteria serve a wide variety of functional roles with reference the host, and thus, composition overall microbiome community can strongly influence health survival. Here, we synthesize findings recent studies (n=45) that evaluated impacts top three stressors facing reefs, climate change, water pollution overfishing, on structure diversity. Contrary species losses are typical many communities under stress, here show richness tends be higher rather than lower for stressed corals (i.e. ~60% cases), regardless stressor. Microbial responses stress were taxonomically consistent across stressors, specific taxa typically increasing abundance (e.g. Vibrionales, Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacterales, Altermonadales, Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales Desulfovibrionales) others declining Oceanosprillales). Emerging evidence also suggests may increase beta diversity amongst colonies, potentially reflecting reduced ability host regulate its microbiome. Moving forward, will need discern implications stress-induced shifts hosts able use identify resilient corals. present supports hypothesis play important resilience, encourage focus contributions future research.

Language: Английский

---

Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 869 - 869

Published: March 19, 2018

The world’s oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). biological pump plays vital role in the net transfer of CO2 from atmosphere to and then sediments, subsequently maintaining at significantly lower levels than would be case if it did not exist. efficiency is function phytoplankton physiology community structure, which turn governed by physical chemical conditions ocean. However, only few studies have focused on importance structure pump. Because global change expected influence nutrient availability, temperature light (via stratification), an improved understanding how size will respond future required gain insight into ability ocean act as long-term CO2. This review article aims explore potential impacts predicted changes carbonate system cell size, species elemental composition, so shed sequester

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 18, 2019

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved pCO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification. At the same time greenhouse warming surface results enhanced stratification shoaling upper mixed layers, exposing photosynthetic organisms dwelling here to increased visible UV radiation as well decreased nutrient supply. In addition, eutrophication reduce concentration O2 seawater, contributing spread hypoxic zones. All these global changes interact affect marine primary producers. Such interactions have been documented, but much smaller extent compared responses each single driver. combined effects could be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic depending on species physiological processes involved experimental setups. For most calcifying algae, impacts acidification, solar and/or elevated temperature clearly their calcification; for diatoms, light levels enhance growth at low, inhibit it high sunlight. nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), acidification associated with may N2 fixation activity, other environmental variables such trace metal availability neutralize even reverse effects. Macroalgae, hand, either juveniles adults, appear benefit from rates tolerance lowered pH. There has little documentation deoxygenation producers, though theoretically concentrations selectively carboxylation oxygenation catalyzed by Rubisco thereby autotrophs. Overall, change biology studies used double stressors laboratory tests. This overview examines features warming, deoxygenation, focussing

Language: Английский

---

The marine nitrogen cycle: new developments and global change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 401 - 414

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Climate change microbiology — problems and perspectives

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 391 - 396

Published: May 15, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of Global Change on Ocean Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Cycling

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 23, 2020

The marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool is an important player in the functioning of ecosystems. DOC at interface between chemical and biological worlds, it fuels food webs, a major component Earth's system. Here, we review research showing impacts global change stressors on cycling, specifically: ocean warming stratification, acidification, deoxygenation, glacial sea ice melting, changed inflow from rivers, changing circulation upwelling, wet/dry deposition. A unified outcome future these production degradation not possible, due to regional differences impacts, but general patterns for each stressor are presented.

Language: Английский

---