Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
18(20), P. 5546 - 5553
Published: Oct. 14, 2012
The
processes
of
cellular
growth
regulation
and
metabolism
are
closely
interrelated.
c-Myc
oncogene
is
a
"master
regulator"
which
controls
many
aspects
both
these
processes.
metabolic
changes
occur
in
transformed
cells,
driven
by
overexpression,
necessary
to
support
the
increased
need
for
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids
rapid
proliferation.
At
same
time,
overexpression
results
coordinated
level
expression
gene
families
result
This
interesting
duality
effects
places
it
mainstream
transformational
gives
very
important
role
regulating
"transformed
phenotype."
induced
can
either
as
"primary
oncogene"
activated
amplification
or
translocation
downstream
effect
other
oncogenes.
In
case,
appears
that
plays
central
sustaining
with
transformation.
Although
efforts
use
therapeutic
target
have
been
quite
frustrating,
this
may
change
next
few
years.
Oncology Letters,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
4(6), P. 1151 - 1157
Published: Jan. 1, 2012
Metabolic
activities
in
normal
cells
rely
primarily
on
mitochondrial
oxidative
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS)
to
generate
ATP
for
energy.
Unlike
cells,
glycolysis
is
enhanced
and
OXPHOS
capacity
reduced
various
cancer
cells.
It
has
long
been
believed
that
the
glycolytic
phenotype
due
a
permanent
impairment
of
OXPHOS,
as
proposed
by
Otto
Warburg.
This
view
challenged
recent
investigations
which
find
function
most
cancers
intact.
Aerobic
many
combined
result
factors
such
oncogenes,
tumor
suppressors,
hypoxic
microenvironment,
mtDNA
mutations,
genetic
background
others.
Understanding
features
complexity
energy
metabolism
will
help
develop
new
approaches
early
diagnosis
effectively
target
therapy
cancer.
Current Cancer Drug Targets,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 963 - 972
Published: Dec. 31, 2013
Epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
is
a
highly
conserved
process
in
which
polarized,
immobile
epithelial
cells
lose
tight
junctions,
associated
adherence,
and
become
migratory
mesenchymal
cells.
Several
transcription
factors,
including
the
Snail/Slug
family,
Twist,
δEF1/ZEB1,
SIP1/ZEB2
E12/E47
respond
to
microenvironmental
stimuli
function
as
molecular
switches
for
EMT
program.
Snail
zinc-finger
transcriptional
repressor
controlling
during
embryogenesis
tumor
progression.
Through
its
N-terminal
SNAG
domain,
interacts
with
several
corepressors
epigenetic
remodeling
complexes
repress
specific
target
genes,
such
E-cadherin
gene
(CDH1).
An
integrated
complex
signaling
network,
RTKs,
TGF-β,
Notch,
Wnt,
TNF-α,
BMPs
pathways,
activates
Snail,
thereby
inducing
EMT.
expression
correlates
grade,
nodal
metastasis
of
many
types
predicts
poor
outcome
patients
metastatic
cancer.
Emerging
evidences
indicate
that
causes
metabolic
reprogramming,
bestows
cancer
stem
cell-like
traits,
additionally,
promotes
drug
resistance,
recurrence
metastasis.
Despite
new
exciting
developments,
challenges
remain
be
addressed
order
understand
more
thoroughly
role
Additional
investigations
are
required
disclose
contribution
factors
on
This
information
will
lead
comprehensive
understanding
provide
us
novel
approaches
preventing
treating
cancers.
Keywords:
Breast
cancer,
EMT,
metastasis,
pathway,
snail.
Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
18(20), P. 5546 - 5553
Published: Oct. 14, 2012
The
processes
of
cellular
growth
regulation
and
metabolism
are
closely
interrelated.
c-Myc
oncogene
is
a
"master
regulator"
which
controls
many
aspects
both
these
processes.
metabolic
changes
occur
in
transformed
cells,
driven
by
overexpression,
necessary
to
support
the
increased
need
for
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids
rapid
proliferation.
At
same
time,
overexpression
results
coordinated
level
expression
gene
families
result
This
interesting
duality
effects
places
it
mainstream
transformational
gives
very
important
role
regulating
"transformed
phenotype."
induced
can
either
as
"primary
oncogene"
activated
amplification
or
translocation
downstream
effect
other
oncogenes.
In
case,
appears
that
plays
central
sustaining
with
transformation.
Although
efforts
use
therapeutic
target
have
been
quite
frustrating,
this
may
change
next
few
years.
