Schizophrenia

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Nov. 12, 2015

Language: Английский

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Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation practitioners

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 48 - 73

Published: April 3, 2014

Language: Английский

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Working memory improvement with non-invasive brain stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Brain and Cognition, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 8, 2014

Language: Английский

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Why primate models matter

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 76(9), P. 801 - 827

Published: April 10, 2014

Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances past century. NHPs are used because their similarity to humans physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, social complexity—yet it is these very similarities that make use biomedical research considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation responsibility present facts concerning why various areas research. Recent decisions United States, including phasing out chimpanzees by National Institutes Health pending closure New England Primate Center, illustrate us critical importance conveying continued with needed. Here, review key biomedicine where models have been, continue be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge biological Am. J. Primatol. 76:801–827, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Language: Английский

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Psychosis as a transdiagnostic and extended phenotype in the general population

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 118 - 124

Published: June 1, 2016

A large body of research indicates that weak expressions positive psychotic symptoms (“psychotic experiences”) can be measured in the general population, and likely represent behavioural manifestation distributed multifactorial (genetic non‐genetic) risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are a transdiagnostic phenomenon: majority individuals with these have diagnosis non‐psychotic disorder, particularly common mental which predict greater illness severity poorer treatment response. Some people disorder will present to health services meeting criteria “clinical high risk”. Treatment dimension psychosis who meet risk” thus may improve outcome (which cannot interpreted as prevention “schizophrenia”). Subthreshold transitory about 80% individuals, while around 20% go on develop persistent 7% an annual transition rate 0.5‐1%. Persistence is associated, one hand, environmental exposures, childhood trauma, and, other, network‐type dynamic interactions between themselves (e.g., hallucinatory delusional ideation) symptom dimensions affective experiences, or subthreshold negative experiences). The study helping elucidate mechanisms by genetic influences shape expression proneness, mostly but first become over time eventually give rise disorder.

Language: Английский

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Vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant with multimodal activity: Review of preclinical and clinical data

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 43 - 57

Published: July 9, 2014

Vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), is 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B partial agonist, 5-HT1A agonist serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) inhibitor. Here we review its preclinical clinical properties discuss translational aspects. Vortioxetine increases serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, histaminergic glutamatergic neurotransmission in brain structures associated with MDD. These multiple effects likely derive from interaction 5-HT-receptor-mediated negative feedback mechanisms controlling neuronal activity. In particular, 5-HT3 receptors may play prominent role, since their blockade i) pyramidal neuron activity by removing receptor-mediated excitation GABA interneurons, ii) augments SSRI on extracellular 5-HT. However, modulation other 5-HT subtypes also contributes to vortioxetine's pharmacological effects. Preclinical animal models reveal differences SSRIs SNRIs, including antidepressant-like activity, increased synaptic plasticity improved cognitive function. had efficacy patients MDD: 11 placebo-controlled studies (including one elderly) 8 (7 positive, 1 supportive), positive active comparator study plus relapse prevention study. two studies, vortioxetine was superior placebo pre-defined outcome measures. The clinically effective dose range (5-20mg/day) spans ~50 >80% SERT occupancy. are primarily occupied at 5mg, while 20mg, all targets functionally relevant levels. side-effect profile similar that SSRIs, gastrointestinal symptoms being most common, low incidence sexual dysfunction sleep disruption possibly ascribed modulation.

Language: Английский

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Altering the course of schizophrenia: progress and perspectives

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 485 - 515

Published: March 4, 2016

Language: Английский

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New developments in human neurocognition: clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity

CNS Spectrums, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 69 - 89

Published: Feb. 1, 2014

Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically neurochemically distinct components of cortico-subcortical circuitry. The constructs were historically viewed as diametrically opposed, with impulsivity being associated risk-seeking harm-avoidance. However, they increasingly recognized to be linked shared neuropsychological mechanisms involving dysfunctional inhibition thoughts behaviors. In this article, we selectively review new developments in the investigation neurocognition humans, order advance our understanding pathophysiology impulsive, compulsive, addictive disorders indicate directions for research.

Language: Английский

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Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 611 - 624

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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A computational psychiatry approach identifies how alpha-2A noradrenergic agonist Guanfacine affects feature-based reinforcement learning in the macaque

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Abstract Noradrenaline is believed to support cognitive flexibility through the alpha 2A noradrenergic receptor (a2A-NAR) acting in prefrontal cortex. Enhanced has been inferred from improved working memory with a2A-NA agonist Guanfacine. But it unclear whether Guanfacine improves specific attention and learning mechanisms beyond memory, drug effects can be formalized computationally allow single subject predictions. We tested confirmed these suggestions a case study healthy nonhuman primate performing feature-based reversal task evaluating performance using Bayesian Reinforcement models. In an initial dose-testing phase we found dose that increased accuracy, decreased distractibility learning. second experimental only examined faster single-subject computational modeling. Parameter estimation suggested not accounted for by varying reinforcement mechanism, but changing set of parameter values higher rates stronger suppression non-chosen over chosen feature information. These findings provide important starting point developing models discern synaptic functions within context neuropsychiatry framework.

Language: Английский

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