Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 220(4), P. 1108 - 1115

Published: Jan. 22, 2018

Contents Summary 1108 I. Introduction II. Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales III. evolution in plants: a brief update 1111 IV. Conclusions perspectives 1114 References The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ), 2.0% ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% ericoid 10% orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% completely nonmycorrhizal NM whereas 7% have inconsistent – associations. Most nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores parasites) or habitat hydrophytes epiphytes). associations consistent most families, but there exceptions with complex roots both EcM ). We recognize three waves evolution, starting early land plants, continuing the Cretaceous multiple new linages, mycorrhizas. third wave, which is recent ongoing, has resulted root complexity linked to rapid diversification biodiversity hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome

Cell, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 171(2), P. 287 - 304.e15

Published: Oct. 1, 2017

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical physiological adaptations to land, a life cycle with alternation between multicellular haploid diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal desiccation tolerant spores, in plant. We analyzed genome liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, member basal plant lineage. Relative algae, genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires increased diversity some transcription factor families. Compared other sequenced plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy most regulatory this portion its resembling predicted for PAPERCLIP.

Language: Английский

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The transcriptional landscape of polyploid wheat

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 361(6403)

Published: Aug. 17, 2018

The coordinated expression of highly related homoeologous genes in polyploid species underlies the phenotypes many world's major crops. Here we combine extensive gene datasets to produce a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis homoeolog patterns hexaploid bread wheat. Bias varies between tissues, with ~30% wheat homoeologs showing nonbalanced expression. We found asymmetries along chromosomes, largest inter-tissue, inter-cultivar, and coding sequence variation, most often located high-recombination distal ends chromosomes. These transcriptionally dynamic potentially represent first steps toward neo- or subfunctionalization homoeologs. Coexpression networks reveal coordination throughout development and, alongside detailed atlas, provide framework target candidate underpinning agronomic traits

Language: Английский

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Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(3), P. 541 - 547

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both descendants merger four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than 1 million years ago. Here we report near-complete chromosome-scale assembly for cultivated (Fragaria × ananassa) and uncovered origin evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid. We identified extant relatives each provide support North American strawberry. examined dynamics among subgenomes in presence dominant subgenome with significantly greater gene content, expression abundance, biased exchanges between homoeologous chromosomes, as compared other subgenomes. Pathway analysis showed certain metabolomic disease-resistance traits are largely controlled by subgenome. These findings reference genome should serve powerful platform future studies enable molecular breeding

Language: Английский

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Genome doubling shapes the evolution and prognosis of advanced cancers

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 50(8), P. 1189 - 1195

Published: July 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Polyploidy: an evolutionary and ecological force in stressful times

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 11 - 26

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Polyploidy has been hypothesized to be both an evolutionary dead-end and a source for innovation species diversification. Although polyploid organisms, especially plants, abound, the apparent nonrandom long-term establishment of genome duplications suggests link with environmental conditions. Whole-genome seem correlate periods extinction or global change, while polyploids often thrive in harsh disturbed environments. Evidence is also accumulating that biotic interactions, instance, pathogens mutualists, affect differently than nonpolyploids. Here, we review recent findings insights on effect abiotic stress versus nonpolyploids propose response general important even determining factor success polyploidy.

Language: Английский

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The Physcomitrella patens chromosome‐scale assembly reveals moss genome structure and evolution

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 515 - 533

Published: Dec. 13, 2017

The draft genome of the moss model, Physcomitrella patens, comprised approximately 2000 unordered scaffolds. In order to enable analyses structure and evolution we generated a chromosome-scale assembly using genetic linkage as well (end) sequencing long DNA fragments. We find that 57% comprises transposable elements (TEs), some which may be actively transposing during life cycle. Unlike in flowering plant genomes, gene- TE-rich regions show an overall even distribution along chromosomes. However, chromosomes are mono-centric with peaks class Copia potentially coinciding centromeres. Gene body methylation is evident 5.7% protein-coding genes, typically low GC expression. Some giant virus insertions transcriptionally active might protect gametes from viral infection via siRNA mediated silencing. Structure-based detection methods evolved two rounds whole duplications (WGDs), apparently common mosses but not liverworts hornworts. Several hundred genes present colinear conserved since last ancestor plants. These syntenic enriched for functions related plant-specific cell growth tissue organization. P. patens lacks pericentromeric gene-rich distal typical most genomes. More non-seed genomes needed unravel how evolve, understand whether or bryophytes.

Language: Английский

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A route to de novo domestication of wild allotetraploid rice

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(5), P. 1156 - 1170.e14

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Apostasia genome and the evolution of orchids

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 549(7672), P. 379 - 383

Published: Sept. 12, 2017

Constituting approximately 10% of flowering plant species, orchids (Orchidaceae) display unique flower morphologies, possess an extraordinary diversity in lifestyle, and have successfully colonized almost every habitat on Earth. Here we report the draft genome sequence Apostasia shenzhenica, a representative one two genera that form sister lineage to rest Orchidaceae, providing reference for inferring content structure most recent common ancestor all extant improving our understanding their origins evolution. In addition, present transcriptome data representatives Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae Orchidoideae, novel third-generation species Epidendroideae, covering five orchid subfamilies. A. shenzhenica shows clear evidence whole-genome duplication, which is shared by occurred shortly before divergence. Comparisons between other angiosperms also permitted reconstruction ancestral gene toolkit. We identify new families, family expansions contractions, changes within MADS-box classes, control diverse suite developmental processes, during This study sheds light genetic mechanisms underpinning key innovations, including development labellum gynostemium, pollinia, seeds without endosperm, as well evolution epiphytism; reveals relationships Orchidaceae subfamilies; helps clarify evolutionary history angiosperms.

Language: Английский

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Genome Size Diversity and Its Impact on the Evolution of Land Plants

Genes, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 88 - 88

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Genome size is a biodiversity trait that shows staggering diversity across eukaryotes, varying over 64,000-fold. Of all major taxonomic groups, land plants stand out due to their genome diversity, ranging ca. 2400-fold. As our understanding of the implications and significance this remarkable in grows, it becoming increasingly evident plays not only an important role shaping evolution plant genomes, but also influencing community assemblages at ecosystem level. Recent advances improvements novel sequencing technologies, as well analytical tools, make possible gain critical insights into genomic epigenetic mechanisms underpinning changes. In review we provide overview current different its on biology what future directions need be addressed fill key knowledge gaps.

Language: Английский

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