The immune system's role in sepsis progression, resolution, and long‐term outcome

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 274(1), P. 330 - 353

Published: Oct. 26, 2016

Summary Sepsis occurs when an infection exceeds local tissue containment and induces a series of dysregulated physiologic responses that result in organ dysfunction. A subset patients with sepsis progress to septic shock, defined by profound circulatory, cellular, metabolic abnormalities, associated greater mortality. Historically, sepsis‐induced dysfunction lethality were attributed the complex interplay between initial inflammatory later anti‐inflammatory responses. With advances intensive care medicine goal‐directed interventions, early 30‐day mortality has diminished, only steadily escalate long after “recovery” from acute events. As so many survivors succumb persistent, recurrent, nosocomial, secondary infections, investigators have turned their attention long‐term alterations cellular immune function. clearly alters innate adaptive for sustained periods time clinical recovery, suppression, chronic inflammation, persistence bacterial representing such alterations. Understanding sepsis‐associated cell defects correlate mortality, more investigations centered on potential modulatory therapy improve patient outcomes. These efforts are focused defining effectively reversing persistent

Language: Английский

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Sepsis-induced immune dysfunction: can immune therapies reduce mortality?

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 126(1), P. 23 - 31

Published: Jan. 3, 2016

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response induced by an infection, leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Historically, sepsis-induced lethality were attributed the interplay between antiinflammatory responses. With advances in intensive care management goal-directed interventions, early sepsis mortality has diminished, only surge later after "recovery" from acute events, prompting search for alterations immune function. well known alter innate adaptive responses sustained periods clinical "recovery," with immunosuppression being prominent example of such alterations. Recent studies have centered on immune-modulatory therapy. These efforts are focused defining reversing persistent cell that associated long events resolved.

Language: Английский

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The Natural Biotic Environment ofCaenorhabditis elegans

Genetics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 206(1), P. 55 - 86

Published: May 1, 2017

Abstract Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of ecological parameters are thus key importance for our understanding an organism’s biology. Curiously, the ecology model species Caenorhabditis elegans has long been neglected, even though this nematode become one most intensively studied models biological research. This lack interest changed ∼10 yr ago. Since then, increasing number studies have focused on nematode’s ecology. Yet many unknowns still remain. Here, we provide overview currently available information environment C. elegans. We focus biotic environment, which is usually less predictable and can create high selective constraints that likely had a strong impact evolution. particularly abundant microbe-rich environments, especially rotting plant matter such as decomposing fruits stems. In it part complex interaction network, shaped by species-rich microbial community. These microbes be food, beneficial gut microbiome, parasites pathogens, possibly competitors. additionally confronted with predators; interacts vector organisms facilitate dispersal new habitats, also competitors similar food including from congeneric same species. Full appreciation biology warrants further exploration its subsequent integration into well-established laboratory-based research approaches.

Language: Английский

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Transposable elements are the primary source of novelty in primate gene regulation

Genome Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 1623 - 1633

Published: Aug. 30, 2017

Gene regulation shapes the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We investigated liver promoters and enhancers in six primate species using ChIP-seq (H3K27ac H3K4me1) to profile cis-regulatory elements (CREs) RNA-seq characterize gene expression same individuals. To quantify regulatory divergence, we compared CRE activity across by testing differential read depths directly measured for orthologous sequences. show that landscape is largely conserved lineage, with 63% tested human CREs showing similar species. Conserved function associated sequence conservation, proximity coding genes, cell-type specificity, transcription factor binding. Newly evolved are enriched immune response neurodevelopmental functions. further demonstrate bind master regulators, suggesting while contribute adaptation environment, core functions remain intact. young transposable (TEs), including Long-Terminal-Repeats (LTRs) SINE-VNTR-Alus (SVAs), significantly affect expression. Conversely, only 16% overlap TEs. 69 TE subfamilies luciferase reporter assays, spanning all major classes, showed 95.6% TEs can as either transcriptional activators or repressors. In conclusion, demonstrated critical role illustrated potential mechanisms underlying evolutionary divergence among through noncoding genome.

Language: Английский

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Origin and evolution of the plant immune system

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 222(1), P. 70 - 83

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction II. Ancient associations between plants and microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant–pathogen interactions 74 IV. signature V. Origin evolution RLK proteins 75 VI. NLR 77 VII. SA signaling 78 VIII. RNA‐based defense 79 IX. Perspectives Acknowledgements 80 References Microbes have engaged in antagonistic with for hundreds millions years. Plants, turn, evolved diverse immune strategies to combat microbial pathogens. The conflicts pathogens result everchanging coevolutionary cycles known as ‘Red Queen’ dynamics. These ancient ongoing shaped the both plant pathogen genomes. With recent explosion genome‐scale data, comparative analyses provide novel insights into Here, we discuss well evolutionary principles underlying interactions. We synthesize review current knowledge on origin key components system. also highlight importance studying algae nonflowering land understanding

Language: Английский

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Host–parasite co-evolution and its genomic signature

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 754 - 768

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 104384 - 104384

Published: May 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2–human protein–protein interactome reveals COVID-19 pathobiology and potential host therapeutic targets

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 128 - 139

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Navigating Microbiological Food Safety in the Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 837 - 857

Published: Aug. 25, 2016

The epidemiological investigation of a foodborne outbreak, including identification related cases, source attribution, and development intervention strategies, relies heavily on the ability to subtype etiological agent at high enough resolution differentiate from nonrelated cases. Historically, several different molecular subtyping methods have been used for this purpose; however, emerging techniques, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based that use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offer was previously not possible. With WGS, unlike traditional lack complete information, data can be elucidate phylogenetic relationships disease-causing lineages tracked monitored over time. evolutionary context provided by WGS allow investigators connect illnesses would missed techniques. added advantage generated is these also secondary analyses, virulence gene detection, antibiotic resistance profiling, synteny comparisons, mobile genetic element identification, geographic attribution. In addition, software packages are now available generate in silico results sequence, allowing efficient comparison with historical databases. Metagenomic approaches using next-generation successful detection nonculturable pathogens. This review addresses state-of-the-art techniques microbial analysis then discusses how technology help support food safety investigations. Retrospective outbreak investigations presented provide organism-specific examples benefits, challenges, associated

Language: Английский

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Immune genes are hotspots of shared positive selection across birds and mammals

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 8, 2019

Consistent patterns of positive selection in functionally similar genes can suggest a common selective pressure across group species. We use alignments orthologous protein-coding from 39 species birds to estimate parameters related for 11,000 conserved birds. show that functional pathways the immune system, recombination, lipid metabolism, and phototransduction are enriched positively selected genes. By comparing our results with mammalian data, we find significant enrichment shared between taxa, these viral pathways. Using pathogen-challenge transcriptome up-regulated response pathogens also Together, pathogens, particularly viruses, consistently target same divergent clades, hotspots host-pathogen conflict over deep evolutionary time.

Language: Английский

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