Gut Microbiota beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2668 - 2668

Published: April 11, 2020

The human microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem associated with many beneficial physiological functions as well numerous disease etiologies. Dominated by bacteria, the also includes commensal populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. Unlike bacterial microbiota, which was extensively studied in past two decades, these non-bacterial microorganisms, their functional roles, interaction one another or host immune system have not been widely explored. This review covers recent findings on communities gastrointestinal involvement health disease, particular focus pathophysiology inflammatory bowel disease.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization consistently favor pathogenic over mutualistic fungi in grassland soils

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 9, 2021

Abstract Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but consequences this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We find nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed four continents promotes relative abundance pathogens, suppresses mutualists, does not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggest responses are often indirect primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient also reduces co-occurrences within among guilds, which could have important belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots received no nutrient addition, properties influence pathogen globally, whereas community characteristics climate show consistent, guild-level enhance our ability predict function related anthropogenic eutrophication, can longer-term

Language: Английский

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Organism body size structures the soil microbial and nematode community assembly at a continental and global scale

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Body size is a key life-history trait that influences community assembly by affecting how ecological processes operate at the organism level. However, extent to which relative of mediate differentially sized soil organisms still unknown. Here, we investigate microorganisms and microfauna using continental-scale sampling effort combined with global-scale meta-analysis. Our results reveal general relationship between body stochastic-deterministic balance operating on assembly. The smallest (bacteria) are relatively more influenced dispersal-based stochastic processes, while larger ones (fungi, protists nematodes) structured selection-based deterministic processes. This study elucidates significant consistent an distinct in mediating their respective assemblages, thus providing better understanding mechanisms supporting biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Enumerating soil biodiversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(33)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Soil is an immense habitat for diverse organisms across the tree of life, but just how many live in soil surprisingly unknown. Previous efforts to enumerate biodiversity consider only certain types (e.g., animals) or report values groups without partitioning species that versus other habitats. Here, we reviewed literature show likely home 59 ± 15% on Earth. We therefore estimate approximately two times greater than previous estimates, and include representatives from simplest (microbial) most complex (mammals) organisms. Enchytraeidae have greatest percentage (98.6%), followed by fungi (90%), Plantae (85.5%), Isoptera (84.2%). Our results demonstrate biodiverse singular habitat. By using this biodiversity, can more accurately quantitatively advocate organismal conservation restoration as a central goal Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Processes in Microbial Ecology

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2018

Abstract Processes in Microbial Ecology discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other protists—the microbes—in freshwater, marine, terrestrial ecosystems. The book shows how advances genomic molecular approaches have uncovered incredible diversity of microbes natural environments unraveled complex biogeochemical uncultivated archaea, fungi. are affected ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, predation protists soils aquatic habitats. links up occurring at micron scale to events happening global scale, carbon cycle its connection climate change issues. ends with a chapter devoted symbiosis relationships between large organisms, which impacts not only on cycles, but also ecology evolution Homo sapiens.

Language: Английский

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