Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Aug. 2, 2019
Abstract
Hypomethylating
agents
decitabine
and
azacytidine
are
regarded
as
interchangeable
in
the
treatment
of
acute
myeloid
leukemia
(AML).
However,
their
mechanisms
action
remain
incompletely
understood,
predictive
biomarkers
for
HMA
efficacy
lacking.
Here,
we
show
that
bioactive
metabolite
triphosphate,
but
not
functions
activator
substrate
triphosphohydrolase
SAMHD1
is
subject
to
SAMHD1-mediated
inactivation.
Retrospective
immunohistochemical
analysis
bone
marrow
specimens
from
AML
patients
at
diagnosis
revealed
expression
leukemic
cells
inversely
correlates
with
clinical
response
decitabine,
azacytidine.
ablation
increases
antileukemic
activity
cell
lines,
primary
blasts,
xenograft
models.
acquire
resistance
partly
by
up-regulation.
Together,
our
data
suggest
a
biomarker
stratified
use
hypomethylating
potential
target
decitabine-resistant
leukemia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
111(18)
Published: April 21, 2014
Significance
The
degradative
dNTP
triphosphohydrolase
activity
of
the
sterile
α-motif/histidine-aspartate
domain-containing
protein
1
(SAMHD1)
enzyme
helps
maintain
optimal
balances
for
DNA
replication
and
also
serves
as
an
HIV-1
restriction
factor
in
resting
CD4
+
target
cells
HIV
by
depleting
substrates
reverse
transcriptase.
This
study
shows
that
full
activation
SAMHD1
involves
ordered
binding
GTP
substrate
dNTPs
to
activator
sites
on
enzyme,
leading
assembly
tetramer
active
form.
After
is
activated,
it
no
longer
communicates
with
free
nucleotides,
which
contributes
efficient
depletion
pools
T
cells.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 382 - 382
Published: March 31, 2020
Deoxynucleoside
triphosphate
(dNTP)
molecules
are
essential
for
the
replication
and
maintenance
of
genomic
information
in
both
cells
a
variety
viral
pathogens.
While
process
dNTP
biosynthesis
by
cellular
enzymes,
such
as
ribonucleotide
reductase
(RNR)
thymidine
kinase
(TK),
has
been
extensively
investigated,
negative
regulatory
mechanism
pools
was
recently
found
to
involve
sterile
alpha
motif
(SAM)
domain
histidine-aspartate
(HD)
domain-containing
protein
1,
SAMHD1.
When
active,
triphosphohydrolase
activity
SAMHD1
degrades
dNTPs
into
their
2'-deoxynucleoside
(dN)
subparts,
steadily
depleting
intercellular
pools.
The
differential
expression
levels
activation
states
various
cell
types
contributes
unique
that
either
aid
(i.e.,
dividing
T
cells)
or
restrict
nondividing
macrophages)
consumes
dNTPs.
Genetic
mutations
induce
rare
inflammatory
encephalopathy
called
Aicardi-Goutières
syndrome
(AGS),
which
phenotypically
resembles
infection.
Recent
publications
have
identified
diverse
roles
double-stranded
break
repair,
genome
stability,
stress
response
through
interferon
signaling.
Finally,
series
were
also
reported
cancer
while
why
is
mutated
these
remains
investigated.
Here,
we
reviewed
studies
begun
illuminating
highly
virology,
immunology,
biology.
The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
28(9), P. 3832 - 3840
Published: June 13, 2014
For
>35
yr,
we
have
known
that
the
accuracy
of
DNA
replication
is
controlled
in
large
part
by
relative
concentrations
4
canonical
deoxyribonucleoside
5'-triphosphates
(dNTPs)
at
replisome.
Since
this
field
was
last
reviewed,
∼8
yr
ago,
there
has
been
increased
understanding
mutagenic
pathways
as
they
occur
living
cells.
At
same
time,
aspects
deoxyribonucleotide
metabolism
shown
to
be
critically
involved
processes
diverse
cell
cycle
control,
protooncogene
expression,
cellular
defense
against
HIV
infection,
rate
telomere
length
and
mitochondrial
function.
Evidence
supports
a
relationship
between
dNTP
pools
microsatellite
repeat
instability.
Relationships
synthesis
breakdown
controlling
steady-state
become
better
defined.
In
addition,
new
experimental
approaches
allowed
definitive
analysis
mutational
induced
pool
abnormalities,
both
Escherichia
coli
yeast.
Finally,
ribonucleoside
triphosphate
(rNTP)
critical
determinants
fidelity.
These
developments
are
discussed
review
article.
Retrovirology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: June 2, 2015
Human
SAMHD1
possesses
dual
enzymatic
functions.
It
acts
as
both
a
dGTP-dependent
triphosphohydrolase
and
an
exoribonuclease.
The
dNTPase
function
depletes
the
cellular
dNTP
pool,
which
is
required
for
retroviral
reverse
transcription
in
differentiated
myeloid
cells
resting
CD4(+)
T
cells;
thus
this
activity
mainly
plays
role
SAMHD1-mediated
restriction.
However,
recent
study
demonstrated
that
directly
targets
HIV-1
genomic
RNA
via
its
RNase
activity,
(rather
than
activity)
sufficient
While
potent
target
during
viral
infection,
specificity
of
infection
by
other
viruses
unclear.The
results
present
showed
specifically
degrades
monocyte-derived
macrophage-like
primary
macrophages.
Consistent
with
this,
selectively
restricted
replication,
but
did
not
affect
replication
common
non-retro
genome
viruses,
suggesting
RNase-mediated
antiviral
limited
to
retroviruses.
In
addition,
neither
inhibiting
treatment
several
transcriptase
inhibitors
nor
transcriptase-defective
altered
levels
after
challenge,
indicating
retrovirus-specific
dependent
on
processes
associated
transcription.The
presented
herein
suggest
control
retroviruses,
viruses.