Expanding the Potential of Circular RNA (CircRNA) Vaccines: A Promising Therapeutic Approach

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 379 - 379

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique structure and function, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation vaccines. The circRNA vaccine, an RNA offers advantages in preventing infectious diseases by serving a vector protein expression through non-canonical translation. Notably, vaccines demonstrated enduring antigenic generate larger percentage of neutralizing antibodies compared mRNA administered at the same dosage. Furthermore, can elicit robust cellular humoral immunity, indicating potential tumor vaccine development. However, certain challenges must be addressed facilitate widespread use both disease prevention treatment. These include low efficiency linear circularization, suboptimal targeting delivery systems, assessment side effects. This work aims describe characteristics functions circRNAs, elucidate mechanism behind vaccines, discuss applications treatment tumors, along with future applications.

Language: Английский

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CircRNAs in colorectal cancer: potential roles, clinical applications, and natural product-based regulation

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes cancer-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as research focus due to their unique stability and functional roles. CircRNAs regulate tumor-related signaling pathways through interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) proteins, playing key roles in tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance. This review summarizes role circRNAs CRC, particularly mechanisms cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, immune evasion. Aberrant expression holds great potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers well therapeutic targets for CRC. Additionally, natural products such flavonoids glycosides, by modulating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks, offer promising strategies. The article also discusses current technical challenges circRNA its future application prospects highlighting need further investigation into microenvironments drug resistance mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract In the last decade, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs have gained great interest in both immunotherapy and non-immunogenic applications. This surge can be largely attributed to demonstration of distinct advantages offered by various mRNA molecules, alongside rapid advancements nucleic delivery systems. It is noteworthy that immunogenicity presents a double-edged sword. context immunotherapy, extra supplementation adjuvant generally required for induction robust immune responses. Conversely, non-immunotherapeutic scenarios, activation unwanted considering host tolerability high expression demand mRNA-encoded functional proteins. Herein, mainly focused on linear non-replicating mRNA, we overview preclinical clinical progress prospects medicines encompassing vaccines other therapeutics. We also highlight importance focusing host-specific variations, including age, gender, pathological condition, concurrent medication individual patient, maximized efficacy safety upon administration. Furthermore, deliberate potential challenges may encounter realm disease treatment, current endeavors improvement, as well application future advancements. Overall, this review aims present comprehensive understanding mRNA-based therapies while illuminating prospective development drugs.

Language: Английский

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RNA BINDING PROTEINS (RBPs) ON GENETIC STABILITY AND DISEASES

Global Medical Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 100032 - 100032

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are integral components of cellular machinery, playing crucial roles in the regulation gene expression and maintaining genetic stability. Their interactions with RNA molecules govern critical processes such as mRNA splicing, stability, localization, translation, which essential for proper function. These interact other to form ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), hence controlling fate target RNAs. The interaction occurs via recognition motif, zinc finger domain, KH domain double stranded binding motif (all known domains (RBDs). found within coding sequences (intron exon domains), 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR) 3' (3'UTR). Dysregulation RBPs can lead genomic instability, contributing various pathologies, including cancer neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders. This study comprehensively explores multifaceted highlighting their involvement integrity through modulation processing implications signalling pathways. Furthermore, it discusses how aberrant RBP function precipitate instability disease progression, emphasizing therapeutic potential targeting restoring homeostasis. Through an analysis current literature, this aims delineate role ensuring stability promise targets innovative strategies.

Language: Английский

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Noncoding RNA-encoded peptides in cancer: biological functions, posttranslational modifications and therapeutic potential

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

In the present era, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a subject of considerable scientific interest, with peptides encoded by ncRNAs representing particularly promising avenue investigation. The identification ncRNA-encoded in human cancers is increasing. These regulate cancer progression through multiple molecular mechanisms. Here, we delineate patterns diverse and provide synopsis methodologies employed for that possess capacity to encode these peptides. Furthermore, discuss impacts on biological behavior cells underlying conclusion, describe prospects challenges need be overcome.

Language: Английский

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Prognostic and clinicopathological roles of circular RNA expression in chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 19, 2025

Background Characterized by a poor prognosis and survivability, head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive neoplastic condition with propensity for recurrence where the development of chemoresistance adversely affects prognostic outcome. Recently, it was shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) augment cellular survivability malignant cells. Hence, biomarkers early detection in these patients can significantly aid preventing Objective The present study aimed to systematically identify circRNAs play vital role HNSCC understand their mechanisms action chemoresistance. Methods protocol prospectively registered on PROSPERO no. CRD42024532291. A six-stage methodological PRISMA recommendations were followed review. Results Discussion 13 studies identified which yielded have been investigated HNSCC. Of these, 11 reported be upregulated while only 2 found downregulated. Moreover, we modulate autophagy (circPARD3, circPKD2, circAP1M2 circPGAM1), apoptosis (circ-ILF2, circANKS1B, circTPST2, circPUM1 circ_0001971), drug efflux has_circ_0005033 circTPST2), EMT (circANKS1B, circCRIM1, tumor microenvironment (circ-ILF2. circ-ILF2, circCRIM1 DNA damage (circTPST2) potential (hsa_circ_0000190 hg19_ circ_0005033). Conclusion may serve as well response chemotherapy Systematic Review Registration , identifier

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Molecular Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded produced predominantly through a back-splicing process. They play regulatory roles in various biological and physiological processes; however, the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs operate remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that facilitate rapid mRNA degradation RNA-RNA interactions between 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs. This interaction positions exon-junction complexes (EJCs), deposited onto back-splicing, near UTRs mRNAs, thereby leading to EJC-dependent nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), process describe as circRNA-induced NMD (circNMD). Our transcriptomic analysis reveals hundreds potential circNMD candidates, importance cellular apoptosis is validated. We also exogenously expressed designed interact with endogenous mRNAs significantly downregulate levels. Collectively, our observations provide compelling evidence for its therapeutic application selective downregulation.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous regulatory RNA network during leaf rust pathogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of apoptosis-related non-coding RNAs in ovarian cancer: a narrative review

APOPTOSIS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploratory Review and In Silico Insights into circRNA and RNA-Binding Protein Roles in γ-Globin to β-Globin Switching

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 312 - 312

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

β-globin gene cluster regulation involves complex mechanisms to ensure proper expression and function in RBCs. During development, switching occurs as γ-globin is replaced by β-globin. Key regulators, like BCL11A ZBTB7A, repress facilitate this transition with other factors, KLF1, LSD1, PGC-1α; these regulators an orchestrated from γ- during development. While have been extensively studied, circRNAs recently emerged key contributors regulation, but their role remains largely unexplored. Although discovered the 1970s, only recognized for functional roles, particularly interactions RNA-binding proteins. Understanding how contribute could lead new therapeutic strategies hemoglobinopathies, such sickle cell disease β-thalassemia. This review uses circAtlas 3.0 database explore circRNA expressions genes related expression, focusing on blood, bone marrow, liver, spleen. It emphasizes exploration of potential between proteins involved regulatory mechanisms, further enhancing our understanding expression.

Language: Английский

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