Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Silicon photonics has developed into a mainstream technology driven by advances in optical communications. The current generation led to proliferation of integrated photonic devices from thousands millions-mainly the form communication transceivers for data centers. Products many exciting applications, such as sensing and computing, are around corner. What will it take increase silicon millions billions units shipped? next look like? common threads integration fabrication bottlenecks that applications face, which emerging technologies can solve them? This perspective article is an attempt answer questions. We chart generational trends technology, drawing parallels definitions CMOS technology. identify crucial challenges must be solved make giant strides CMOS-foundry-compatible devices, circuits, integration, packaging. critical systems applications—in communication, signal processing, sensing. By identifying summarizing opportunities, we aim stimulate further research on ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Broadband picometer-scale resolution on-chip spectrometer with reconfigurable photonics

Light Science & Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 25, 2023

Miniaturization of optical spectrometers is important to enable spectroscopic analysis play a role in situ, or even vitro and vivo characterization systems. However, scaled-down generally exhibit strong trade-off between spectral resolution operating bandwidth, are often engineered identify signature peaks only for specific applications. In this paper, we propose demonstrate novel global sampling strategy with distributed filters generating ultra-broadband pseudo-random responses. The geometry all-pass ring tailored ensure small self- cross-correlation effective information acquisition across the whole spectrum, which dramatically reduces requirement on channels. We employ power reconfigurable photonics spectrum shaping by embedding filters. Using moderate mesh MZIs, create 256 diverse responses single chip 20 pm lines 30 dual over broad bandwidth 115 nm, best our knowledge achieving new record bandwidth-to-resolution ratio. Rigorous simulations reveal that design will readily be able achieve single-picometer-scale resolution. further show provides an extra degree programmability, enabling user-defined features resolution, computation complexity, relative error. use SiN integration platform enables spectrometer excellent thermal stability ±2.0 °C, effectively tackling challenge temperature variations at picometer-scale resolutions.

Language: Английский

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Breaking the resolution-bandwidth limit of chip-scale spectrometry by harnessing a dispersion-engineered photonic molecule

Light Science & Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 6, 2023

The chip-scale integration of optical spectrometers may offer new opportunities for in situ bio-chemical analysis, remote sensing, and intelligent health care. miniaturization integrated faces the challenge an inherent trade-off between spectral resolutions working bandwidths. Typically, a high resolution requires long paths, which turn reduces free-spectral range (FSR). In this paper, we propose demonstrate ground-breaking spectrometer design beyond resolution-bandwidth limit. We tailor dispersion mode splitting photonic molecule to identify information at different FSRs. When tuning over single FSR, each wavelength channel is encoded with unique scanning trace, enables decorrelation whole bandwidth spanning multiple Fourier analysis reveals that left singular vector transmission matrix mapped frequency component recorded output signal sideband suppression ratio. Thus, unknown input spectra can be retrieved by solving linear inverse problem iterative optimizations. Experimental results approach resolve any arbitrary discrete, continuous, or hybrid features. An ultrahigh <40 pm achieved throughout ultrabroad >100 nm far exceeding narrow FSR. ultralarge wavelength-channel capacity 2501 supported spatial within ultrasmall footprint (≈60 × 60 μm2), represents, best our knowledge, highest channel-to-footprint ratio (≈0.69 μm-2) spectral-to-spatial (>2501) ever demonstrated date.

Language: Английский

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Nonlinear memristive computational spectrometer

Light Science & Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract In the domain of spectroscopy, miniaturization efforts often face significant challenges, particularly in achieving high spectral resolution and precise construction. Here, we introduce a computational spectrometer powered by nonlinear photonic memristor with WSe 2 homojunction. This approach overcomes traditional limitations, such as constrained Fermi level tunability, persistent dark current, limited photoresponse dimensionality through dynamic energy band modulation driven palladium (Pd) ion migration. The critical role Pd migration is thoroughly supported first-principles calculations, numerical simulations, experimental verification, demonstrating its effectiveness enhancing device performance. Additionally, integrate this specialized neural network tailored to address memristor’s inherent photoresponse. combination enables our achieve an exceptional peak wavelength accuracy 0.18 nm within 630–640 range. development marks advancement creation compact, high-efficiency spectroscopic instruments offers versatile platform for applications across diverse material systems.

Language: Английский

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Microtaper leaky-mode spectrometer with picometer resolution

eLight, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: May 8, 2023

Abstract The wide application of optical spectroscopy makes miniaturized spectrometers with fundamental importance. scalability, high-performance, low-cost, and small footprint are still contradicting each other limiting the applicability spectrometer for practical application. Here we propose a compact that satisfies four advantages. device uses fiber taper tip to generate complex leaky mode patterns within 1 mm length. unique correspondence between pattern wavelength operates effectively hundreds nanometers spectral range while providing resolution around ~ pm. integration multiple tips enables hyperspectral imaging applications. working our can be further extended using different materials detectors keeping similar architecture.

Language: Английский

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Integrated reconstructive spectrometer with programmable photonic circuits

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Optical spectroscopic sensors are a powerful tool to reveal light-matter interactions in many fields. Miniaturizing the currently bulky spectrometers has become imperative for wide range of applications that demand situ or even vitro characterization systems, field is growing rapidly. In this paper, we propose novel integrated reconstructive spectrometer with programmable photonic circuits by simply using few engineered MZI elements. This design effectively creates an exponentially scalable number uncorrelated sampling channels over ultra-broad bandwidth without incurring additional hardware costs, enabling ultra-high resolution down single-digit picometers. Experimentally, implement on-chip 6-stage cascaded structure and demonstrate <10 pm >200 nm only 729 channels. achieves bandwidth-to-resolution ratio 20,000, which is, our best knowledge, about one order magnitude greater than any reported miniaturized date.

Language: Английский

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An integrated single-shot spectrometer with large bandwidth-resolution ratio and wide operation temperature range

PhotoniX, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Abstract There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices. Even though significant progress made this area, two major problems are still remaining, namely the high temperature sensitivity and poor bandwidth-resolution ratio (BRR) that can’t meet requirement of most applications. In work, we present an spectrometer relying on silicon photonic circuit footprint less than 3mm 2 , but could achieve broad operation bandwidth about 100 nm resolution up 0.1 (with BRR ~ 1000). Moreover, first time, demonstrate operate within wide range (between 10 70 degrees Celsius) without additional power consumption management.

Language: Английский

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2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Journal of Physics Photonics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 042501 - 042501

Published: July 18, 2023

Photonics offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example date is the ESO Gravity instrument at Very Large Telescope in Chile. Integrated devices stand critical advantages for development, including extreme miniaturization, as well integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing small footprint, high replicability offering cost savings. Numerous technologies have been developed address shortcomings of conventional instruments date, development photonic lanterns, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings, beam combiners enable long baseline interferometry, laser frequency combs precision spectral calibration spectrometers. Despite these successes, facility implementation solutions astronomical instrumentation currently limited because (1) low throughputs from coupling fibers, fibers chips, propagation bend losses, device etc, (2) difficulties with scaling large channel count needed bandwidths resolutions, (3) efficient integration photonics detectors, name a few. In this roadmap, we identify 24 areas need further development. We outline challenges advances across those covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, entirely new components, hybridization characterization devices. To astrophotonics community will work cooperatively industrial partners who more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With described herein, multi-functional realized leading novel observing capabilities both ground space platforms.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the monolithic integration scenario: optical coupling between GaSb diode lasers epitaxially grown on patterned Si substrates and passive SiN waveguides

Light Science & Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 16, 2023

Silicon (Si) photonics has recently emerged as a key enabling technology in many application fields thanks to the mature Si process technology, large silicon wafer size, and promising optical properties. The monolithic integration by direct epitaxy of III-V lasers photonic devices on same substrate been considered for decades main obstacle realization dense chips. Despite considerable progress last decade, only discrete grown bare wafers have reported, whatever wavelength laser technology. Here we demonstrate first semiconductor patterned platform with light coupled into waveguide. A mid-IR GaSb-based diode was directly pre-patterned equipped SiN waveguides clad SiO2. Growth device fabrication challenges, arising from template architecture, were overcome more than 10 mW outpower emitted continuous wave operation at room temperature. In addition, around 10% waveguides, good agreement theoretical calculations this butt-coupling configuration. This work lift an important building block it paves way future low-cost, large-scale, fully integrated

Language: Английский

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Cavity-enhanced scalable integrated temporal random-speckle spectrometry

Optica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1177 - 1177

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Chip-scale integrated spectrometers have many prospective applications, such as in situ biochemical analysis, optical coherence tomography, and remote hyperspectral sensing. Most reported monolithically support spectral resolutions of 10 1 −10 2 pm with 3 wavelength channels. In this work, we propose demonstrate a scalable spectrometer that achieves ultrahigh resolution improves the channel capacity by around one order magnitude. The approach is based on spatially reconfigurable multimode cavity formed waveguide array delay lines. mode mixing enhanced through resonance intermodal coupling, producing chaotic responses. orthogonal resonant state can be arbitrarily switched tuning phase shifters within cavity. Each associated unique random temporal speckle. Notably, for proposed design, all speckle “signatures” detected at single spatial port generated purely time domain, resulting an extremely large number usable speckles (>2×10 4 ) beyond limit interference. Any arbitrary input spectrum computationally retrieved from recorded output signal. Due to full randomization singular space, sampling steps decreased <2×10 , which efficiently reduces computational requirement. Our experimental results show 5 over >2×10 channels, peak signal-to-noise ratio ≈30dB. To best our knowledge, these represent largest among demonstrated spectrometers.

Language: Английский

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