Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
104(3), P. 1205 - 1263
Published: March 14, 2024
Stress
resilience
is
the
phenomenon
that
some
people
maintain
their
mental
health
despite
exposure
to
adversity
or
show
only
temporary
impairments
followed
by
quick
recovery.
Resilience
research
attempts
unravel
factors
and
mechanisms
make
possible
harness
its
insights
for
development
of
preventative
interventions
in
individuals
at
risk
acquiring
stress-related
dysfunctions.
Biological
has
been
lagging
behind
psychological
social
sciences
but
seen
a
massive
surge
recent
years.
At
same
time,
progress
this
field
hampered
methodological
challenges
related
finding
suitable
operationalizations
study
designs,
replicating
findings,
modeling
animals.
We
embed
review
behavioral,
neuroimaging,
neurobiological,
systems
biological
findings
adults
critical
methods
discussion.
find
preliminary
evidence
hippocampus-based
pattern
separation
prefrontal-based
cognitive
control
functions
protect
against
pathological
fears
aftermath
singular,
event-type
stressors
[as
found
fear-related
disorders,
including
simpler
forms
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)]
facilitating
perception
safety.
Reward
system-based
pursuit
savoring
positive
reinforcers
appear
more
generalized
dysfunctions
anxious-depressive
spectrum
resulting
from
severe
longer-lasting
(as
depression,
comorbid
anxiety,
PTSD).
Links
between
preserved
functioning
these
neural
under
neuroplasticity,
immunoregulation,
gut
microbiome
composition,
integrity
barrier
blood-brain
are
beginning
emerge.
On
basis,
avenues
pointed
out.
Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
103(5), P. e37114 - e37114
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
The
gastrointestinal
tract
is
embedded
with
microorganisms
of
numerous
genera,
referred
to
as
gut
microbiota.
Gut
microbiota
has
multiple
effects
on
many
body
organs,
including
the
brain.
There
a
bidirectional
connection
between
and
brain
called
gut-brain-axis,
these
connections
are
formed
through
immunological,
neuronal,
neuroendocrine
pathways.
In
addition,
modulates
synthesis
functioning
neurotransmitters.
Therefore,
disruption
in
composition
or
function,
which
known
dysbiosis,
associated
pathogenesis
mental
disorders,
such
schizophrenia,
depression,
other
psychiatric
disorders.
This
review
aims
summarize
modulation
role
4
prominent
neurotransmitters
(tryptophan
serotonergic
system,
dopamine,
gamma-aminobutyric
acid,
glutamate),
well
its
association
disorders
(schizophrenia,
anxiety
autism
spectrum
disorder).
More
future
research
required
develop
efficient
gut-microbiota-based
therapies
for
illnesses.
Cell Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(5), P. 1000 - 1012.e6
Published: April 5, 2024
The
gut-brain
axis
is
implicated
in
depression
development,
yet
its
underlying
mechanism
remains
unclear.
We
observed
depleted
gut
bacterial
species,
including
Bifidobacterium
longum
and
Roseburia
intestinalis,
the
neurotransmitter
homovanillic
acid
(HVA)
individuals
with
mouse
models.
Although
R.
intestinalis
does
not
directly
produce
HVA,
it
enhances
B.
abundance,
leading
to
HVA
generation.
This
highlights
a
synergistic
interaction
among
microbiota
regulating
intestinal
production.
Administering
longum,
or
models
chronic
unpredictable
mild
stress
(CUMS)
corticosterone
(CORT)-induced
significantly
improved
depressive
symptoms.
Mechanistically,
inhibited
synaptic
autophagic
death
by
preventing
excessive
degradation
of
microtubule-associated
protein
1
light
chain
3
(LC3)
SQSTM1/p62
proteins,
protecting
hippocampal
neurons'
presynaptic
membrane.
These
findings
underscore
role
microbial
metabolism
modulating
integrity
provide
insights
into
potential
novel
treatment
strategies
for
depression.
General Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(1), P. e101374 - e101374
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
The
gut
microbiota
is
a
complex
and
dynamic
ecosystem
known
as
the
‘second
brain’.
Composing
microbiota-gut-brain
axis,
its
metabolites
regulate
central
nervous
system
through
neural,
endocrine
immune
pathways
to
ensure
normal
functioning
of
organism,
tuning
individuals’
health
disease
status.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
main
bioactive
microbiota,
are
involved
in
several
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
depression.
SCFAs
have
essential
effects
on
each
component
axis
In
present
review,
roles
major
(acetate,
propionate
butyrate)
pathophysiology
depression
summarised
with
respect
chronic
cerebral
hypoperfusion,
neuroinflammation,
host
epigenome
neuroendocrine
alterations.
Concluding
remarks
biological
mechanisms
related
will
hopefully
address
clinical
value
microbiota-related
treatments
for
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
104(3), P. 1205 - 1263
Published: March 14, 2024
Stress
resilience
is
the
phenomenon
that
some
people
maintain
their
mental
health
despite
exposure
to
adversity
or
show
only
temporary
impairments
followed
by
quick
recovery.
Resilience
research
attempts
unravel
factors
and
mechanisms
make
possible
harness
its
insights
for
development
of
preventative
interventions
in
individuals
at
risk
acquiring
stress-related
dysfunctions.
Biological
has
been
lagging
behind
psychological
social
sciences
but
seen
a
massive
surge
recent
years.
At
same
time,
progress
this
field
hampered
methodological
challenges
related
finding
suitable
operationalizations
study
designs,
replicating
findings,
modeling
animals.
We
embed
review
behavioral,
neuroimaging,
neurobiological,
systems
biological
findings
adults
critical
methods
discussion.
find
preliminary
evidence
hippocampus-based
pattern
separation
prefrontal-based
cognitive
control
functions
protect
against
pathological
fears
aftermath
singular,
event-type
stressors
[as
found
fear-related
disorders,
including
simpler
forms
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)]
facilitating
perception
safety.
Reward
system-based
pursuit
savoring
positive
reinforcers
appear
more
generalized
dysfunctions
anxious-depressive
spectrum
resulting
from
severe
longer-lasting
(as
depression,
comorbid
anxiety,
PTSD).
Links
between
preserved
functioning
these
neural
under
neuroplasticity,
immunoregulation,
gut
microbiome
composition,
integrity
barrier
blood-brain
are
beginning
emerge.
On
basis,
avenues
pointed
out.
