Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, with the World Health Organization documenting over 1 million annual fatalities. Despite deployment of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, escalation drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underscores pressing need for more efficacious vaccines treatments. This review meticulously maps out contemporary landscape TB development, focus on antigen identification, clinical trial progress, obstacles future trajectories in research. We spotlight innovative approaches, such as multi-antigen mRNA technology platforms. Furthermore, delves into current therapeutics, particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), exploring promising agents like bedaquiline (BDQ) delamanid (DLM), well potential host-directed therapies. The hurdles development encompass overcoming diversity, enhancing effectiveness across diverse populations, advancing novel Future initiatives emphasize combinatorial strategies, anti-TB compounds targeting pathways, personalized medicine treatment prevention. notable advances, persistent challenges diagnostic failures protracted regimens continue to impede progress. work aims steer research endeavors toward groundbreaking providing crucial insights prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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The role of bacterial metabolism in antimicrobial resistance

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metal‐Protein Hybrid Materials: Unlocking New Frontiers in Biomedical Applications

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Metal‐protein hybrid materials represent a novel class of functional that exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties and tunable structures, rendering them remarkable applications in diverse fields, including engineering, biocatalysis, biosensing, biomedicine. The design development multifunctional biocompatible metal‐protein have been the subject extensive research key aspiration for practical clinical settings. This review provides comprehensive analysis strategies, intrinsic properties, biomedical these materials, with specific emphasis on their potential cancer therapy, drug vaccine delivery, antibacterial treatments, tissue regeneration. Through rational design, stable can be synthesized using straightforward methods, enabling therapeutic, immunomodulatory, other desired functionalities. Finally, outlines existing limitations challenges associated evaluates translation, providing insights into implementation within applications.

Language: Английский

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Emerging models to study competitive interactions within bacterial communities

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Within both abiotic and host environments, bacteria typically exist as diverse, multispecies communities have crucial roles in human health, agriculture, industry. In these communities, compete for resources, competitive interactions can shape the overall population structure community function. Studying bacterial dynamics requires experimental model systems that capture different interaction networks between their surroundings. We examine recent literature advancing such systems, including (i) silico models establishing theoretical basis how cell-to-cell influence level dynamics, (ii) vitro characterizing specific interbacterial interactions, (iii) organ-on-a-chip revealing physiologically relevant parameters, spatial mechanical forces, encounter within a host, (iv) vivo plant animal connecting responses to interactions. Each of has greatly contributed our understanding be used synergistically understand competition influences architecture.

Language: Английский

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Discovery of berberine derivatives@chitosan nanoparticles for controlling plant canker diseases

Food Hydrocolloids, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111054 - 111054

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identification of 6,8-Ditrifluoromethyl Halogenated Phenazine as a Potent Bacterial Biofilm-Eradicating Agent

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities consisting of non-replicating persister cells encased within an extracellular matrix biomolecules. Unlike bacteria that have acquired resistance to antibiotics, enable demonstrate innate tolerance toward all classes conventional antibiotic therapies. It is estimated 50-80% bacterial infections biofilm associated, which considered the underlying cause chronic and recurring infections. Herein, we report a modular three-step synthetic route new halogenated phenazine (HP) analogues from diverse aniline nitroarene building blocks. The HPs were evaluated for antibacterial biofilm-killing properties against panel lab strains multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Several demonstrated potent (MIC ≤ 0.39 μM) biofilm-eradicating activities (MBEC < 10 with 6,8-ditrifluoromethyl-HP 15 remarkable potencies = 0.15-1.17 Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Confocal microscopy showed HP induced significant losses in polysaccharide MRSA biofilms. In addition, increased dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, MIC 1.35 when compared replicating Mtb 3.69 μM). Overall, this has enabled rapid access interesting series explore their unique properties.

Language: Английский

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Gymnema saponin-induced lipid flip-flop identifies rigid membrane phenotype of methicillin resistant S. aureus and enhances it's antibiotic susceptibility

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 765, P. 110303 - 110303

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Intracellular MRSA-targeted lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for macrophage reprogramming and intracellular MRSA eradication

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159665 - 159665

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Toxin-antitoxin genes are differentially expressed in Escherichia coli relA and spoT mutans cultured under nitrogen, fatty acid, or carbon starvation conditions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

The stringent response is one of the fundamental mechanisms that control and modulate bacterial adaptation to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. accumulation effectors, (p)ppGpp, causes differential expression approximately 500 genes, including genes endogenous toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. However, exact link between (p)ppGpp systems' activation, well role in remains disputed. In this study, we performed a complex analysis changes (RNA-Seq) operons' transcription nitrogen, fatty acid, or carbon starvation, bacteria with different abilities accumulation. Although observed some cases appears be crucial for transcriptional activation TA (e.g., ghoST, ryeA), our data indicates general pattern chromosomally encoded gene E. coli differs depending on distribution environment, regardless alarmone

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive safety and toxicity analysis of 2,2’-Bipyridine derivatives in combating MRSA biofilm formation and persistence

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become arduous to treat due their capacity form biofilms, develop persistence, and exhibit significant antimicrobial resistance. These factors contribute the complexity of managing MRSA highlight urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Objectives This endeavor aims evaluate safety 2,2’-Bipyridine (2,2’-Bipy) derivatives antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, anti-persister activities in treating Infections. Methods Six were screened ADMET properties tested minimum inhibitory concentrations against various bacterial strains using agar well diffusion broth dilution. Safety studies conducted through hemolysis tests, cell viability assays, vivo acute oral toxicity examinations. Bactericidal mechanisms biofilm disruption effects analyzed crystal violet staining confocal microscopy assays. The murine thigh infection model was also used investigate efficacy. Results All exhibited favorable physicochemical profiles are predicted be safe based on drug-like properties. vitro demonstrated that non-toxic 3T3 L1, confirmed mice at a dose 300 mg/kg non-hemolytic nature rabbit red blood cells. compounds showed potent antibacterial activity bacteria, including resistant strain 831. They inhibited formation eradicated biofilms dose-dependent manner MTCC 737 831, they effectively eliminated persister cells, outperforming reference antibiotic vancomycin. found depolarize mitochondrial membrane accumulate intracellular reactive oxygen species. significantly reduced load model. Conclusion study concluded 2,2’-Bipy possess activity, non-toxic, effective inhibiting killing

Language: Английский

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