Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Booster Vaccination with an Intranasal Adenovirus Salnavac Vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Ekaterina A. Astakhova, Konstantin O. Baranov, Nadezhda Shilova

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1362 - 1362

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of new vaccines and methods testing vaccine-induced immunity. Despite extensive research that been conducted on level specific antibodies, less attention paid studying avidity these antibodies. serum antibodies is associated with a vaccine showing high effectiveness reflects process affinity maturation. In context against SARS-CoV-2, only limited number studies have investigated often solely focusing wild-type virus following vaccination. This study provides insights into adenovirus-based boosters. We focused effects an intranasal Salnavac booster, which compared, using single analytical platform, intramuscular Sputnik V. Methods: RBD-specific IgGs IgAs was through ELISA urea biolayer interferometry. Results: results demonstrated similar avidities were induced by both for six months post-booster. However, increase in antibody observed Delta variants, but not BA.4/5 variant. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide maturation after SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Novel vaccine strategies to induce respiratory mucosal immunity: advances and implications DOI Creative Commons
Ming Zhou, Haihua Xiao, Xinyi Yang

et al.

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Rapid advances in vaccine technology are becoming increasingly important tackling global health crises caused by respiratory virus infections. While traditional vaccines, primarily administered intramuscular injection, have proven effective, they often fail to provide the broad upper tract mucosal immunity, which is urgently needed for first-line control of viral Furthermore, vaccines may not adequately address immune escape emerging variants. In contrast, developed using body's response mechanism can simultaneously establish both systemic and immunity. This dual action effectively allows system function as first line defense, preventing infections at entry points. review highlights efficacy including innovative delivery methods such nasal oral formulations, enhancing local barriers. Notably, offer potential advantages protecting against variants maintaining long-term multidimensional memory tract. addition, a combination largely improves their coverage effectiveness, providing valuable insights future development public inoculation strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Exploring the standardization of human nasal antibody measurements DOI Creative Commons

Xuanxuan Zhang,

Shui Yu, Si Chen

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing the infection and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nasal antibody inversely correlated with a lower risk However, current reference standard nasal assessment serum-based, mainly consisting monomeric IgG IgA. The applicability serum-derived standards assessing antibodies, mostly dimeric or polymeric secretory IgA (sIgA), remains unvalidated. Herein, we first proved that sera-derived was not applicable antibodies. Using non-homologous as calibrator introduces systematic error up to 10 times, which does benefit understanding mucosal response. Therefore, attempted develop two candidate (CS1, CS2) using lining fluids (NMLFs) collected from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron convalescents intranasal vaccine recipients, CS3 sIgA monoclonal antibody. CS2 exhibited broad-spectrum binding activity against 12 strains, including all tested subvariants. A collaborative study conducted by seven laboratories demonstrated improved harmonization inter-laboratory variability (pre-standardization geometric coefficients variance, 14-314%; post-standardization, 3-35%). ensures an accurate Thus, established national evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies (Lot: 300052-202401, 1000 U/mL). Our work provides benchmark vaccines inspires new avenues developing other vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mucosal adenovirus vaccine Ad5-XBB.1.5 boosting elicits nasal IgA and transiently prevents JN.1 wave infection for less than 6 months in real-world settings DOI Creative Commons

Yanqun Wang,

Peilan Wei,

Jun Zhang

et al.

hLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Omicron Variant Could Be an Antigenic Shift of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Anju Kaushal

COVID, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 73 - 73

Published: May 14, 2025

In the past 5 years, COVID-19 pandemic has experienced frequently changing variants contextualizing immune evasion. The emergence of Omicron with >30–50 mutations on spike gene shown a sharp divergence from its relative VOCs, such as WT, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. requisition prime boosting was essential within 3–6 months to improve Nab response that had been not lasted for longer. subvariant BA.1.1 less transmissible, but an extra nine in next variant BA.2 made it more transmissible. This remarkable heterogeneity reported ORF1ab or TRS sites, ORF7a, 10 regions genomic sequences evolving subvariants BA.4.6, BF.7, BQ.2, BF. 7, BA.2.75.2, BA.5 (BQ.1 BQ.1.1). mutational stability XBB, XBB 1, 1.5, 1.6 conferred similar affinity towards ACE-2. phenomenon breakthrough infections after booster vaccinations producing hybrid immunity. reduced pathogenic nature implicated adaptation either through immunocompromised individuals other animal hosts. binding capacity RBD ACE-2, including proteolytic priming via TMPRSS2, reveals (in-vitro) transmissibility behavior. signify transmissibility, S1/S2 enhances virulence, while S2 infers effective immunogenic response. Initial D614G, E484A, N501Y, Q493K, K417N, S477N, Y505H, G496S were found increase Ab escape. Some as, R346K, L452R, F486Vwere seen delivering pressure. HR2 region (S2) displayed R436S, K444T, F486S, D1199N altered positions. Later on, dose contributed elevating profile. Several BA.1.1-N460K, R346T, BA.2.75.2-F486S have also neutralization resistance. least studied T-cell SARS-CoV-2 affects HLA- TCR interactions, thus, plays role limiting virus clearance. Antigenic cartographic analysis Omicron’s drift predecessor variants. rapidly driven population-based immunity escape fully immunized short period. could be indication is heading endemicity may evolve future lead outbreaks, which requires regular surveillance.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
An intranasally administered adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces robust mucosal secretory IgA DOI Creative Commons
Baoqing Sun, Qian Wang, Peiyan Zheng

et al.

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(18)

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

BACKGROUNDThe level of nasal spike-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) is inversely correlated with the risk SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. This study aimed to evaluate safety and immunogenicity intranasal vaccination using Ad5-S-Omicron (NB2155), a replication-incompetent human type 5 adenovirus carrying BA.1 spike.METHODSAn open-label, single-center, investigator-initiated trial was carried out on 128 health care workers who had never been infected previously received 2 or 3 injections inactivated whole-virus vaccines, last dose given 3-19 months (median 387 days, IQR 333-404 days). Participants sprays NB2155 at 28-day intervals between November 30 December 30, 2022. Safety evaluated by solicited adverse events laboratory tests. The elevation mucosal sIgA serum neutralizing activities were assessed. All participants monitored for infection antigen tests, disease symptoms, nucleocapsid-specific in passage.RESULTSThe vaccine-related mild. Nasal against 10 strains mean geometric fold increase 4.5 after first dose, but it increased much higher 51.5 second dose. Serum titers also modestly 128.1 (95% CI 74.4-220.4) authentic 76.9 45.4-130.2) BA.5 14 days Due lifting zero-COVID policy China 7, 2022, 57.3% 15 28 whereas no reported having any symptomatic infections day 90 0, 14, 42, 118 assessed verify that these 2-dose asymptomatic infections.CONCLUSIONA regimen safe, well tolerated, could dramatically induce broad-spectrum passage. Preliminary data suggested may establish an effective immune barrier warranted further clinical studies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070346).FUNDINGNatural Science Foundation China, Guangzhou Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital Medical University.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Antibody Avidity Maturation Following Booster Vaccination with an Intranasal Adenovirus Salnavac Vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Ekaterina A. Astakhova, Konstantin O. Baranov, Nadezhda Shilova

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1362 - 1362

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of new vaccines and methods testing vaccine-induced immunity. Despite extensive research that been conducted on level specific antibodies, less attention paid studying avidity these antibodies. serum antibodies is associated with a vaccine showing high effectiveness reflects process affinity maturation. In context against SARS-CoV-2, only limited number studies have investigated often solely focusing wild-type virus following vaccination. This study provides insights into adenovirus-based boosters. We focused effects an intranasal Salnavac booster, which compared, using single analytical platform, intramuscular Sputnik V. Methods: RBD-specific IgGs IgAs was through ELISA urea biolayer interferometry. Results: results demonstrated similar avidities were induced by both for six months post-booster. However, increase in antibody observed Delta variants, but not BA.4/5 variant. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide maturation after SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Citations

0