Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of the Second-Generation Incretin Analogs Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults DOI Open Access
Marco Infante, F Silvestri, Nathalia Padilla

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong need for exogenous insulin. Over last few years, overweight and obesity have recently emerged as growing health issues also afflicting patients with T1D. In this context, term "double diabetes" has been coined to indicate T1D who family history type 2 (T2D) and/or are affected insulin resistance overweight/obesity metabolic syndrome. At same time, use second-generation incretin analogs semaglutide tirzepatide substantially increased on global scale over given remarkable clinical benefits these drugs (in terms glucose control weight loss) T2D overweight/obesity. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists novel dual GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)/GLP-1 agonist currently not approved treatment T1D, body evidence years shown that medications may serve valid add-on treatments substantial efficacy improving control, promoting loss, preserving residual beta-cell function providing other beneficial effects double latent adults (LADA). This manuscript aims comprehensively review available literature (mostly consisting real-world studies) regarding safety therapeutic (for different purposes) (at stages disease), LADA.

Language: Английский

Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits DOI Open Access
Joyce Yip, Grace Shu Hui Chiang,

I Lee

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 364 - 364

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

This review describes our current understanding of the role mitochondria in repurposing anti-diabetes drugs metformin, gliclazide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors for additional clinical benefits regarding unhealthy aging, long COVID, mental neurogenerative disorders, obesity. Metformin, most prominent these diabetes drugs, has been called “Drug Miracles Wonders,” as trials have found it to be beneficial human patients suffering from maladies. To promote viral replication all infected cells, SARS-CoV-2 stimulates liver cells produce glucose export into blood stream, which can cause COVID patients, reduces levels blood, was shown cut incidence rate half recovering SARS-CoV-2. Metformin leads phosphorylation AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, accelerates import via transporter GLUT4 switches starvation mode, counteracting virus. Diabetes also stimulate unfolded response thus mitophagy, is healthy aging health. were mimic exercise help reduce body weight.

Language: Английский

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Dysregulation of Metabolic Peptides in the Gut–Brain Axis Promotes Hyperinsulinemia, Obesity, and Neurodegeneration DOI Creative Commons

Camille Green,

Vandana Zaman,

Kayce Blumenstock

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 132 - 132

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Metabolic peptides can influence metabolic processes and contribute to both inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that there are thousands of peptides, made up short chains amino acids, the human body produces. These crucial for regulating many different like metabolism cell signaling, as they bind receptors on various cells. This review will cover role three specific their roles in hyperinsulinemia, diabetes, inflammation, neurodegeneration, well type 3 diabetes dementia. The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitor polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic (PP) be discussed, dysregulation within lead development neurodegenerative diseases. Research has been able closely investigate connections between these links gut–brain axis, highlighting changes gut dysfunction brain, brain gut. potentially reversal diseases such obesity, 2 also discussed. Furthermore, we potential conditions neuroinflammation dementia, specifically Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid Cancer Risk with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and the Path Forward DOI
David Toro-Tobón, Naykky Singh Ospina, Juan P. Brito

et al.

Thyroid, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Pre-Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescents and Teens: Screening, Nutritional Interventions, Beta-Cell Preservation, and Psychosocial Impacts DOI Open Access

Brody Sundheim,

Krish Hirani,

M Blaschke

et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 383 - 383

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a progressive autoimmune disease often identified in childhood or adolescence, with early stages detectable through pre-diabetic markers such as autoantibodies and subclinical beta-cell dysfunction. The identification of the pre-T1D stage critical for preventing complications, diabetic ketoacidosis, enabling timely interventions that may alter progression. This review examines multifaceted approach to managing T1D risk adolescents teens, emphasizing detection, nutritional interventions, preservation strategies, psychosocial support. Screening T1D-associated offers predictive insight into risk, particularly when combined education family resources promote lifestyle adjustments. Although alone are not capable T1D, certain weight management specific choices, have shown potential preserve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, mitigate metabolic strain. Pharmacological including immune-modulating drugs like teplizumab, alongside emerging regenerative cell-based therapies, offer delay onset by protecting function. social psychological impacts diagnosis also significant, affecting adolescents' quality life, dynamics, mental health. Supportive counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group support, recommended emotional burden pre-diabetes. Future directions call integrating universal targeted screening programs within schools primary care, advancing research nutrition promoting policies enhance access preventive resources. Advocacy insurance coverage screening, health services crucial support families risk. By addressing these areas, healthcare systems can intervention, improve preservation, overall well-being at T1D.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Promoting Bone Regeneration in Type 2 Diabetes Using Drug Delivery Vehicles and Vehicle‐Free Therapeutics DOI Open Access

Yasamin Pesaran Afsharian,

Mostafa Rahimnejad,

Sayed Mahmood Rabiee

et al.

Advanced Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Abstract The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases significantly worldwide. Due to consistent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, T2DM patients encounter osteoporosis induced osteoporotic fracture risks. Antidiabetic drugs have been traditional therapies that seek control blood glucose, balance bone metabolism, favor systemic immunosuppression. However, such impact quality its nano‐scale features in the long‐term. Today, biomedical experts are continuously advancing drug delivery tools for local osteo‐immunomodulatory agents T2DM. It is demonstrated bioavailability release profile determine osteoconductivity outcomes therapeutics. This review focuses on introducing currently used vehicles fabrication techniques biomaterial‐based systems thoroughly examined. Furthermore, feasibility potential factors contributing bioactive surveyed. extent vivo responses described context current research examples. Targeted signaling mechanisms also assessed detail elucidate activated healing routes.

Language: Английский

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Discovery of Selenium-Containing Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable GLP-1R Agonists DOI
Xuetao Chen, Shicheng Xu, Shuang Yang

et al.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a well-established target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The development orally bioavailable long-acting small-molecule GLP-1R agonists pursuit in both academia industry. Herein, new selenium (Se)-containing compounds were designed using Se-oxygen bioisostere strategy on danuglipron scaffold. Among these, compound 21 was exhibited full agonistic efficacy promoting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. In hGLP-1R knock-in mice, effectively reduced blood glucose levels food intake, with duration action slightly extended compared to that danuglipron. Importantly, no significant adverse effects observed mice treated during subacute toxicity studies. This study delineates potential Se-containing as agonists, emerging promising candidate T2DM obesity treatment.

Language: Английский

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Vagotomy suppresses food intake by increasing GLP-1 secretion via the M3 AChR-AMPKα pathway in mice DOI
Jie Lin, Yikai Shen,

Yiwen Xia

et al.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112464 - 112464

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ozempic v Mounjaro: what is the difference between semaglutide and tirzepatide? DOI

Katharine Lang

BMJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. q2636 - q2636

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

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A 2-Years Comparative Analysis of Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, Qsymia, Contrave, and Phentermine on Ocular Health in Individuals with Obesity: A Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Study DOI Creative Commons
Pen‐Hua Su, Yu‐Nan Huang,

Jo-Ching Chen

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract This landmark propensity-score matched study examined ocular outcomes of modern anti-obesity medications in nearly 5 million non-diabetic individuals with obesity. Through analysis TriNetX US network data, we discovered that Tirzepatide significantly reduced cataract risk versus other treatments, showing a striking 59% lower compared to Semaglutide (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19–0.85). users experienced markedly fewer visual disturbances than those on Contrave 0.58, 0.41–0.82) or Phentermine 0.62, 0.46–0.82). Both GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrated protection against age-related cataracts, exceptional benefits 0.17, 0.07–0.42). While these protective effects remained robust across patient subgroups, Tirzepatide's diminished impaired kidney function. Multiple sensitivity analyses and negative controls validated compelling findings.

Language: Английский

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Improved glucose handling in female rat offspring of a hypertensive pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction DOI Creative Commons

Melissa A. Cedars,

Kate M. Root,

Brian Akhaphong

et al.

Physiological Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and reduced pancreatic β‐cell area increases risk offspring developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our previous studies using rat uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) model gestational hypertension IUGR demonstrated in at embryonic day 19 postnatal 13 (PD13). We hypothesized early life would manifest as hyperglycemia glucose intolerance animals aged. However, did not differ RUPP versus control to 1 year life, whether intraperitoneal or oral challenge. At PD28, female show normalized compared controls improved ability clear following Oral challenge results significant increase incretin GLP‐1 control. Insulin tolerance amongst offspring, except PD28 where insulin blood more effectively Insulin‐induced vasodilation isolated aorta signaling fat are pronounced Thus, our demonstrate compensatory mechanisms protect a hypertensive pregnancy from long‐term metabolic effects development T2D.

Language: Английский

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