MicroRNAs Have an Immunomodulatory Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), an independent diabetes complication, is characterized by abnormalities in myocardial structure, function, and metabolism, including diminished contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis. Factors such as hyperglycemia, metabolic disorders, microangiopathy, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance have been found to play important roles DCM pathophysiology. Recent research has shown that miRNAs are involved processes cell proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, promote the progression of DCM. Despite these insights, regulatory effects on immune function remain inadequately explored. This review synthesizes current advancements understanding miRNA-mediated regulation We highlight need for further elucidate complex interactions between pathways DCM, which might reveal novel therapeutic targets mitigate this debilitating condition. Targeted B cells, macrophages, T cells through immune-associated open new avenues intervention. Developing efficient delivery systems miRNA-based therapies ensure targeted enhance stability. Additionally, combining existing hypoglycemic drugs with produce anti-inflammatory anti-fibrotic effects, thereby improving outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Regulation and Cardiorenal Protection: Deciphering the Potential and Multi-Target Mechanisms of Jiangtang Qingre Formula for Type 2 Diabetes Management

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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HPLC and HPTLC methods for simultaneous quantification of Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol with comparative evaluation by greenness and whiteness assessment tools

Green Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100249 - 100249

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Linear association of the dietary index for gut microbiota with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. adults: the mediating role of body mass index and inflammatory markers

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 21, 2025

Background Gut microbiota is reported to be related the onset of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The dietary index for gut (DI-GM) a novel reflecting diversity. We aimed evaluate association DI-GM with T2DM IR. Methods This cross-sectional research comprised 10,600 participants aged ≥20 from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. employed weighted multivariable linear logistic regression models examine correlation Linear or nonlinear relationships were examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Additionally, subgroup sensitivity analyses performed ensure reliability results. Mediation analysis explored roles body mass (BMI) inflammatory factors in these associations. Results Higher inversely associated (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.89–0.98) IR 0.95, 0.91–0.99) after adjusting confounders. ≥ 6 group showed significantly lower risks 0.74, 0.60–0.91) 0.77, 0.62–0.95). RCS demonstrated relationship between T2DM, as well was also correlated risk markers T2DM. that BMI systemic inflammation response partly mediated IR, while immune-inflammation only Conclusion mediating this association.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the adverse effects of cadmium exposure on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with diabetes and prediabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 29, 2025

The effect of cadmium exposure on mortality risk among individuals with diabetes and prediabetes remains unclear, particularly regarding potential mediation by oxidative stress inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the associations blood levels all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer mediating effects inflammation biomarkers in patients prediabetes. In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed 17,687 adults from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018). Nine related (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], uric acid [UA], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], UA HDL ratio [UHR]) (neutrophil-lymphocyte [NLR], monocyte-lymphocyte [MLR], neutrophil-monocyte-lymphocyte [NMLR], systemic response index [SIRI], immune-inflammation [SII]) were systematically assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) applied evaluate association risk. Generalized linear models used assess biomarkers, while regression RCS evaluated their mortality. Causal analysis identified biological pathways mediated Stratified sensitivity analyses further employed confirm robustness results. During 161,047.75 person-years follow-up, 3562 deaths occurred, including 1214 CVD 680 cancer. Higher associated increased risks all-cause (fully adjusted hazard [HR]: 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-2.79, comparing highest vs. lowest quartile), (HR 2.06; CI 1.41-3.02), 2.38; 1.47-3.85), without evidence nonlinear relationship. Mediation indicated that UA, NLR, MLR, NMLR, SIRI partially mortality, although proportions relatively modest (ranging 1.4 4.8%). Additionally, GGT a small fraction Cadmium increases CVD, Oxidative appear mediate adverse effect. These findings emphasize urgent need for targeted interventions reduce cadmium-related risks. What is currently known about topic? linked are critical development complications. key research question? Does increase prediabetes? Are involved these effects? new? cause-specific associations. How might influence clinical practice? Monitor cadmium, stress,

Language: Английский

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