Host-associated microbiomes are predicted by immune system complexity and climate

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Abstract Background Host-associated microbiomes, the microorganisms occurring inside and on host surfaces, influence evolutionary, immunological, ecological processes. Interactions between microbiome affect metabolism contribute to adaptation changing environments. Meta-analyses of host-associated bacterial communities have potential elucidate global-scale patterns microbial community structure function. It is possible that surface-associated (external) microbiomes respond more strongly variations in environmental factors, whereas internal are tightly linked factors. Results Here, we use dataset from Earth Microbiome Project accumulate data 50 additional studies totaling 654 species over 15,000 samples examine diversity We analyze non-captive hosts sampled natural habitats find with bioclimate geophysical as well land use, phylogeny, trophic level/diet. Specifically, external best explained by mean daily temperature range precipitation seasonality. In contrast, factors such phylogeny/immune complexity level/diet, plus climate. Conclusions Internal predominantly associated top-down effects, while climatic stronger determinants surfaces. Host immunity may act through regulation analogous predators non-microbial ecosystems. Noting gaps geographic sampling, this combined represents a global baseline available for interrogation future ecology studies.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome stability and structure is governed by host phylogeny over diet and geography in woodrats ( Neotoma spp.)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(47)

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Significance Understanding the factors that sculpt gut microbial communities in mammals is of great interest. Here, we studied a diverse clade herbivorous rodents (woodrats, Neotoma ) with variable but well-characterized diets and habitats to quantify relative contributions host genetics, geography, diet, alongside neutral processes, structuring microbiome under natural controlled conditions. While diet geography made significant structure, phylogeny explained greatest proportion observed variation. Provision common captivity altered communities, from different species varying their resistance this perturbation. Captivity increased amount variation by phylogeny, further emphasizing extent which genetics structure mammalian microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Ecology and Host Identity Outweigh Evolutionary History in Shaping the Bat Microbiome

mSystems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(6)

Published: Nov. 11, 2019

Recent studies of mammalian microbiomes have identified strong phylogenetic effects on bacterial community composition. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most speciose mammals planet and only mammal capable true flight. We examined 1,236 16S rRNA amplicon libraries gut, oral, skin microbiota from 497 Afrotropical bats (representing 9 families, 20 genera, 31 species) to assess extent which host ecology phylogeny predict microbial similarity in bats. In contrast recent host-microbe associations other mammals, we found no correlation between chiropteran dissimilarity across three anatomical sites sampled. For all sites, species identity geographic locality be predictors composition observed a positive elevation richness. Last, significantly different within gut insectivorous frugivorous conclude that shaped predominantly by ecological factors do not exhibit same degree phylosymbiosis mammals.IMPORTANCE This study is first provide comprehensive survey symbionts multiple broad taxonomic range bats, demonstrating significant bat microbiome site, locality, identity-but evolutionary history. provides framework for future systems biology approaches examine host-symbiont relationships scales, emphasizing need elucidate interplay history shaping sites.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Parasitology

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 15, 2021

Abstract Parasites are ubiquitous and shape almost every aspect of their hosts, including physiology, behaviour, life histories, the structure microbiota, entire communities. Hence, parasitism is one most potent forces in nature and, without parasites, world would look very different. The book gives an overview over parasite groups diversity defences that hosts have evolved, such as immune systems. Principles evolutionary biology ecology analyse major elements host–parasite interactions, virulence, infection processes, tolerance, resistance, specificity, memory, polymorphisms, within-host dynamics, diseases spaces, many other aspects. Genetics always key these topics. Modelling, furthermore, can predict best strategies for host parasites. Similarly, spread infectious disease epidemiology combines with molecular data genomics. Furthermore, parasites evolved ways to overcome manipulate hosts. Hosts therefore, continuously co-evolve, changes sometimes occurring rapidly, requiring geological times. Many humans emerged from a zoonotic origin, processes governed by basic principles discussed different sections. this integrates fields study phenomena. It summarizes essential topics parasitology will be useful broad audience.

Language: Английский

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Microbial genomes from non-human primate gut metagenomes expand the primate-associated bacterial tree of life with over 1000 novel species

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Humans have coevolved with microbial communities to establish a mutually advantageous relationship that is still poorly characterized and can provide better understanding of the human microbiome. Comparative metagenomic analysis non-human primate (NHP) microbiomes offers promising approach study this symbiosis. Very few species been in NHP due their poor representation available cataloged diversity, thus limiting potential such comparative approaches.We reconstruct over 1000 previously uncharacterized from 6 cohorts, resulting an increase mappable fraction reads by 600%. These novel highlight almost 90% diversity associated NHPs has overlooked. new catalog taxa collection 150,000 genomes metagenomes points at limited species-level overlap, only 20% candidate also found This overlap occurs mainly between non-Westernized populations living captivity, suggesting host lifestyle plays role comparable speciation shaping intestinal Several NHP-specific are phylogenetically related human-associated microbes, as Elusimicrobia Treponema, could be consequence host-dependent evolutionary trajectories.The newly reconstructed greatly expand NHPs, enabling interrogation microbiome empowering in-depth co-diversification studies.

Language: Английский

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