Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 415 - 430

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Harnessing rhizosphere microbiomes for drought-resilient crop production

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 270 - 274

Published: April 16, 2020

Root-associated microbes can improve plant growth, and they offer the potential to increase crop resilience future drought. Although our understanding of complex feedbacks between microbial responses drought is advancing, most knowledge comes from non-crop plants in controlled experiments. We propose that research efforts should attempt quantify relationships traits, explicitly focus on food crops, include longer-term experiments under field conditions. Overall, we highlight need for improved mechanistic during, particularly after, This requires integrating ecology with plant, microbiome, molecular approaches central making production more resilient climate.

Language: Английский

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Soil Microbiomes Under Climate Change and Implications for Carbon Cycling

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 29 - 59

Published: June 2, 2020

Communities of soil microorganisms (soil microbiomes) play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and support plant growth. Here we focus primarily on the roles that microbiome plays cycling organic carbon impact climate change cycle. We first discuss current challenges understanding carried out by highly diverse heterogeneous microbiomes review existing knowledge gaps how will microbiome. Because stability is key metric to understand as changes, different aspects stability, including resistance, resilience, functional redundancy.We then recent research pertaining perturbations functions they carry out. Finally, new experimental methodologies modeling approaches under development should facilitate our complex nature better predict its future responses change.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial community responses to climate extremes: resistance, resilience and transitions to alternative states

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190112 - 20190112

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

A major challenge for advancing our understanding of the functional role soil microbial communities is to link changes in their structure and function under climate change. To address this requires new mechanisms that underlie capacity resist recover from extremes. Here, we synthesize emerging intrinsic extrinsic factors influence resistance resilience extremes, with a focus on drought, identify drivers might trigger abrupt alternative states. We highlight research challenges propose path vulnerability transitions states, including use trait-based approaches. need approaches quantify communities, thresholds show how high-resolution time series coupled gradient designs will enable detecting response patterns interacting drivers. Finally, account factors, suggest future studies should environmental gradients track community responses extremes space time. This article part theme issue ‘Climate change ecosystems: threats, opportunities solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Global distribution, formation and fate of mineral‐associated soil organic matter under a changing climate: A trait‐based perspective

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1411 - 1429

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest actively cycling reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), and majority SOM in Earth's mineral soils (~65%) mineral‐associated (MAOM). Thus, formation fate MAOM can exert substantial influence on global C cycle. To predict future changes to climate, it critical mechanistically understand processes by which formed decomposed, accurately represent this process‐based understanding biogeochemical Earth system models. In review, we use a trait‐based framework synthesize interacting roles plants, soil micro‐organisms, matrix regulating decomposition. Our proposed differentiates between plant microbial traits that total OM inputs (‘feedstock traits’) versus proportion are ultimately incorporated into (‘MAOM traits’). We discuss how these feedstock may be altered warming, precipitation elevated dioxide. At planetary scale, help shape distribution across biomes, modulate biome‐specific responses climate change. leverage synthesis measurements provide estimates amount MAOM‐C globally (~840–1540 Pg C; 34%–51% C), its biomes. show concentration highest temperate forests grasslands, lowest shrublands savannas. Grasslands croplands have (SOC) fraction (i.e. MAOM‐C:SOC ratio), while boreal tundra ratio. Drawing our trait framework, then review experimental data posit effects change pools different conclude discussing integrated models, included also summarize projected under scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 8.5) key model uncertainties. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Clarifying the evidence for microbial‐ and plant‐derived soil organic matter, and the path toward a more quantitative understanding

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(24), P. 7167 - 7185

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Predicting and mitigating changes in soil carbon (C) stocks under global change requires a coherent understanding of the factors regulating organic matter (SOM) formation persistence, including knowledge direct sources SOM (plants vs. microbes). In recent years, conceptual models have emphasized primacy microbial-derived inputs, proposing that microbial physiological traits (e.g., growth efficiency) are dominant controls on quantity. However, quantitative studies challenged this view, suggesting plants make larger contributions to than is currently recognized by paradigm. review, we attempt reconcile these perspectives highlighting variation across estimates plant- versus may arise part from methodological limitations. We show all major methods used estimate plant substantial shortcomings, uncertainty our current estimates. demonstrate there significant overlap chemical signatures compounds produced microbes, roots, through extracellular decomposition litter, which introduces into use common biomarkers for parsing SOM, especially mineral-associated (MAOM) fraction. Although review contributed deeper limitations with constrain light advances, suggest now critical time re-evaluate long-standing methods, clearly define their limitations, develop strategic plan improving quantification SOM. From synthesis, outline key questions challenges future research mechanisms stabilization pathways.

Language: Английский

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A trait-based understanding of wood decomposition by fungi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(21), P. 11551 - 11558

Published: May 13, 2020

Significance Fungi play a key role in the global carbon cycle as main decomposers of litter and wood. Although current climate models reflect limited functional variation microbial groups, fungi differ vastly their decomposing ability. Here, we examine which traits explain fungal-mediated wood decomposition. In laboratory study 34 fungal isolates, found that ability varies along spectrum from stress-tolerant, poorly to fast-growing, competitive rapidly decompose We observed similar patterns 5-y field experiment, communities fast-growing more decomposed logs forest. Finally, show how linking decomposition rates known spatial could improve broad-scale predictions by fungi.

Language: Английский

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The Biogeochemistry of Marine Polysaccharides: Sources, Inventories, and Bacterial Drivers of the Carbohydrate Cycle

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 81 - 108

Published: July 29, 2020

Polysaccharides are major components of macroalgal and phytoplankton biomass constitute a large fraction the organic matter produced degraded in ocean. Until recently, however, our knowledge marine polysaccharides was limited due to their great structural complexity, correspondingly complicated enzymatic machinery used by microbial communities degrade them, lack readily applied means isolate andcharacterize detail. Advances carbohydrate chemistry, bioinformatics, molecular ecology, microbiology have led new insights into structures polysaccharides, which they bacteria, ecology polysaccharide production decomposition. Here, we survey current knowledge, discuss recent advances, present conceptual model linking complexity abundance microbially driven mechanisms processing. We conclude highlighting specific future research foci that will shed light on this central but poorly characterized component carbon cycle.

Language: Английский

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Tradeoffs among microbial life history strategies influence the fate of microbial residues in subtropical forest soils

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 108112 - 108112

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 318 - 318

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in plants. The shoots roots depend on each other by exchanging through xylem phloem transport systems. Complex mechanisms regulate metabolism to optimize plant growth, agricultural crop production, maintenance of agroecosystem. In this paper, we cover recent advances understanding metabolism, regulation, plants, as well their underlying molecular mechanisms. Special emphasis is given starch plastids changes responses environmental stress that were previously overlooked, since these provide an store fuels growth. We present general insights into system biology approaches have expanded our core biological questions related metabolism. Finally, review synthesizes trade-off concept links status plant's response microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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