Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 579 - 579
Published: July 31, 2024
Dinoflagellates
and
heterotrophic
bacteria
are
two
major
micro-organism
groups
within
marine
ecosystems.
Their
coexistence
has
led
to
a
co-evolutionary
relationship
characterized
by
intricate
interactions
that
not
only
alter
their
individual
behaviors
but
also
exert
significant
influence
on
the
broader
biogeochemical
cycles.
Our
review
commenced
with
an
analysis
of
bacterial
populations,
both
free-living
adherent
dinoflagellate
surfaces.
Members
Alphaproteobacteria,
Gammaproteobacteria,
Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides
group
repeatedly
found
be
associated
dinoflagellates,
representation
relatively
few
genera,
such
as
Methylophaga,
Marinobacter,
Alteromonas.
These
taxa
engage
dinoflagellates
in
limited
capacity,
involving
nutrient
exchange,
secretion
pathogenic
substances,
or
participation
chemical
production.
Furthermore,
genomic
evolution
been
profoundly
impacted
horizontal
gene
transfer
from
bacteria.
The
integration
genes
into
instrumental
defining
biological
characteristics
nutritional
strategies.
This
aims
elucidate
nuanced
between
bacteria,
offering
detailed
perspective
complex
relationship.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
Abstract
The
diverse
rumen
virome
can
modulate
the
microbiome,
but
it
remains
largely
unexplored.
Here,
we
mine
975
published
metagenomes
for
viral
sequences,
create
a
global
database
(RVD),
and
analyze
diversity,
virus-host
linkages,
potential
roles
in
affecting
functions.
Containing
397,180
species-level
operational
taxonomic
units
(vOTUs),
RVD
substantially
increases
detection
rate
of
viruses
from
compared
with
IMG/VR
V3.
Most
classified
vOTUs
belong
to
Caudovirales
,
differing
those
found
human
gut.
is
predicted
infect
core
including
fiber
degraders
methanogens,
carries
auxiliary
metabolic
genes,
thus
likely
impacts
ecosystem
both
top-down
bottom-up
manner.
findings
provide
useful
resources
baseline
framework
future
research
investigate
how
may
impact
digestive
physiology.
The ISME Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(7), P. 1128 - 1140
Published: May 11, 2023
Abstract
Protozoa
comprise
a
major
fraction
of
the
microbial
biomass
in
rumen
microbiome,
which
entodiniomorphs
(order:
Entodiniomorphida)
and
holotrichs
Vestibuliferida)
are
consistently
observed
to
be
dominant
across
diverse
genetic
geographical
range
ruminant
hosts.
Despite
apparent
core
role
that
protozoal
species
exert,
their
biological
metabolic
contributions
function
remain
largely
undescribed
vivo.
Here,
we
have
leveraged
(meta)genome-centric
metaproteomes
from
fluid
samples
originating
both
cattle
goats
fed
diets
with
varying
inclusion
levels
lipids
starch,
detail
specific
niches
protozoa
occupy
context
co-habitants.
Initial
proteome
estimations
via
total
protein
counts
label-free
quantification
highlight
entodiniomorph
Entodinium
Epidinium
as
well
Dasytricha
Isotricha
an
extensive
metaproteome.
Proteomic
detection
metabolism
such
hydrogenases
(Dasytricha,
Isotricha,
Epidinium,
Enoploplastron),
carbohydrate-active
enzymes
(Epidinium,
Diplodinium,
Enoploplastron,
Polyplastron),
predation
(Entodinium)
volatile
fatty
acid
production
(Entodinium
Epidinium)
was
at
increased
high
methane-emitting
animals.
certain
having
well-established
reputations
for
digesting
they
were
unexpectedly
less
detectable
low
methane
emitting-animals
starch
diets,
instead
dominated
by
propionate/succinate-producing
bacterial
populations
suspected
being
resistant
irrespective
host.
Finally,
reaffirmed
our
abovementioned
observations
geographically
independent
datasets,
thus
illuminating
substantial
influence
under-explored
eukaryotic
rumen,
greater
implications
digestion
metabolism.
JDS Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3), P. 236 - 240
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
The
rumen
microbiome
digests
plant
feedstuff
that
would
be
otherwise
indigestible
and
provides
most
of
the
metabolizable
energy
protein
needed
by
host
animals.
Until
recently,
research
effort
has
mostly
been
directed
to
bacteria
archaea,
leaving
protozoa,
fungi,
viruses
much
less
understood.
Protozoa
contribute
feed
digestion
fermentation,
but
as
predators,
they
impact
its
function
regulating
abundance
activities
microbes
both
in
a
top-down
(by
directly
killing
prey)
bottom-up
affecting
metabolism
other
microbes)
manner.
Rumen
(or
phages,
used
interchangeably
below)
are
diverse
abundant
least
They
also
predators
(intracellular
"predators")
because
their
lytic
lifecycle,
although
can
co-exist
peacefully
with
hosts
reprogram
buttressing
ecological
fitness.
In
doing
so,
affect
Here
we
review
recent
advancement
understanding
types
focus
on
potential
functions.
Parasites & Vectors,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: July 31, 2023
Abstract
Background
A
close
connection
between
a
protozoan
parasite
and
the
balance
of
other
gut
microbes
host
has
been
demonstrated.
The
calves
may
be
naturally
co-infected
with
many
parasites,
co-effects
parasites
on
intestinal
remain
unclear.
This
study
aims
to
preliminarily
reveal
relationship
in
calves.
Methods
Fecal
samples
were
collected
from
four
bloody
diarrhea,
watery
seven
normal
calves,
microbial
flora
analyzed
by
whole-genome
sequencing.
Protozoal
detected
metagenome
sequences
identified
using
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR).
Results
Cryptosporidium
,
Eimeria
Giardia
Blastocystis
Entamoeba
metagenomic
analysis,
species
duodenalis
assemblage
E,
bovis
ryanae
subspherica
ST2
ST10.
Metagenomic
analysis
showed
that
diarrhea
disordered,
especially
diarrhea.
Furthermore,
different
show
distinct
relationships
microecology.
negatively
correlated
various
bacteria
but
positively
some
fungi.
However,
associated
microbes.
Twenty-seven
biomarkers
not
only
significantly
enriched
also
.
Only
genera
bacteria,
which
healthy
All
18
fungi
Functional
genes
related
diseases
found
mainly
Conclusions
revealed
calf
microbiome.
Different
have
diametrically
opposite
effects
microecology,
affects
gut,
is
archaea.
Graphical
Environmental Microbiology Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4)
Published: July 3, 2024
Abstract
Ciliate
protozoa
are
an
integral
part
of
the
rumen
microbial
community
involved
in
a
variety
metabolic
processes.
These
processes
thought
to
be
outcome
interactions
with
their
associated
prokaryotic
community.
For
example,
methane
production
is
enhanced
through
interspecies
hydrogen
transfer
between
and
archaea.
We
hypothesize
that
ciliate
host
stable
dictated
by
specific
functions
they
carry.
Here,
we
modify
varying
forage‐to‐concentrate
ratios
show
that,
despite
major
changes
community,
several
taxa
remain
stably
protozoa.
By
quantifying
genes
belonging
various
known
reduction
pathways
rumen,
find
bacterial
enriched
utilization
these
correspond
same
taxonomic
affiliations
seen
Our
results
may
serve
as
hub
for
hydrogenotrophic
better
understanding
driven
different
unveil
potential
role
ciliates
shaping
metabolism.
Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Nov. 3, 2023
Minimizing
mortality
losses
due
to
multiple
stress
and
obtaining
maximum
performance
are
the
production
goals
for
newly
received
cattle.
In
recent
years,
vaccination
metaphylaxis
treatment
significantly
decreased
rate
of
cattle,
while
growth
block
induced
by
is
still
obvious.
Assessment
blood
metabolites
behavior
monitoring
offer
potential
early
identification
morbid
animals.
Moreover,
ruminal
microorganisms'
homeostasis
a
guarantee
beef
steers'
health.
The
most
critical
period
cattle
first-month
post-transport.
Therefore,
analyzing
rumen
metagenomics,
metabolomics,
host
their
interaction
during
receiving
(1
day
before
transport
at
days
1/4,
16,
30
after
transport)
key
revealing
mechanism
retardation,
then
formulating
management
nutritional
practices
cattle.The
levels
serum
hormones
(COR
ACTH),
pro-inflammatory
factors
(IL-1β,
TNF-α,
IL-6)
were
highest
lowest
arrival.
Meanwhile,
antioxidant
capacity
(SOD,
GSH-Px,
T-AOC)
was
16
increased
Metagenomics
analysis
revealed
that
microbes,
bacteria,
archaea,
eukaryota
had
different
trends
among
four
time
points.
At
post-transport,
higher
abundance
bacteria
archaea
than
those
transport,
but
eukaryote
Before
mainly
involved
in
polysaccharides
digestion.
4
enriched
KEGG
pathways
nucleotide
metabolism
(pyrimidine
purine
metabolism).
energy
(glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,
pyruvate
metabolism)
contents
MCP
VFAs
increased,
same
time,
loss
methane
yields
(Methanobrevibacter)
together
with
pathogenic
(Saccharopolyspora
rectivirgula)
also
increased.
this
upregulated
L-ornithine
produces
more
catabolite
polyamines,
which
cause
oxidative
microbes
host;
downregulated
2',3'-cAMP
provided
favorable
conditions
vitamin
B6
PC/LysoPC
disrupt
immune
function
inflammation
reaction.
its
catabolites
(mainly
spermidine
1,3-propanediamine)
decreased,
2',3'-cNMPs
pools
This
consistent
changes
redox,
inflammation,
status
host.This
study
provides
new
ideas
regulating
health
period.
point
manage
about
specifically
inhibit
reproduction
harmful
rumen,
therefore
improving
immunity
Video
Abstract.
