Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 4, 2023
Magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy
is
a
powerful,
non-invasive,
quantitative
imaging
technique
that
allows
for
the
measurement
of
brain
metabolites
has
demonstrated
utility
in
diagnosing
and
characterizing
broad
range
neurological
diseases.
Its
impact,
however,
been
limited
due
to
small
sample
sizes
methodological
variability
addition
intrinsic
limitations
method
itself
such
as
its
sensitivity
motion.
The
lack
standardization
from
data
acquisition
processing
perspective
makes
it
difficult
pool
multiple
studies
and/or
conduct
multisite
are
necessary
supporting
clinically
relevant
findings.
Based
on
experience
ENIGMA
MRS
work
group
review
literature,
this
manuscript
provides
an
overview
current
state
harmonization.
Key
factors
need
be
taken
into
consideration
when
conducting
both
retrospective
prospective
described.
These
include
(1)
issues
pulse
sequence,
RF
B0
calibrations,
echo
time,
SNR;
(2)
pre-processing
steps,
modeling,
quantitation;
(3)
biological
voxel
location,
age,
sex,
pathology.
Various
approaches
harmonization
then
described
including
meta-analysis,
mega-analysis,
linear
ComBat
artificial
intelligence
approaches.
goal
provide
novice
experienced
readers
with
knowledge
studies.
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
181(13), P. 1897 - 1915
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
Abstract
Background
and
Purpose
Protein
palmitoylation
is
involved
in
learning
memory,
emotional
disorders.
Yet,
the
underlying
mechanisms
these
processes
remain
unclear.
Herein,
we
describe
that
A‐kinase
anchoring
protein
150
(AKAP150)
essential
sufficient
for
depressive‐like
behaviours
mice
via
a
palmitoylation‐dependent
mechanism.
Experimental
Approach
Depressive‐like
were
induced
by
chronic
restraint
stress
(CRS)
unpredictable
mild
(CUMS).
Palmitoylated
proteins
basolateral
amygdala
(BLA)
assessed
an
acyl‐biotin
exchange
assay.
Genetic
pharmacological
approaches
used
to
investigate
role
of
DHHC2‐mediated
AKAP150
signalling
pathway
behaviours.
Electrophysiological
recording,
western
blotting
co‐immunoprecipitation
performed
define
mechanistic
pathway.
Key
Results
Chronic
successfully
enhanced
BLA,
inhibitor
was
enough
reverse
changes.
Blocking
AKAP150‐PKA
interaction
with
peptide
Ht‐31
abolished
CRS‐induced
DHHC2
expression
levels
both
increased
after
stress.
knockdown
prevented
behaviours,
as
well
attenuating
synaptic
transmission
BLA
CRS‐treated
mice.
Conclusion
Implications
These
results
delineate
modulates
stress‐induced
pathway,
this
may
be
considered
promising
novel
therapeutic
target
major
depressive
disorder.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 4, 2023
Magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy
is
a
powerful,
non-invasive,
quantitative
imaging
technique
that
allows
for
the
measurement
of
brain
metabolites
has
demonstrated
utility
in
diagnosing
and
characterizing
broad
range
neurological
diseases.
Its
impact,
however,
been
limited
due
to
small
sample
sizes
methodological
variability
addition
intrinsic
limitations
method
itself
such
as
its
sensitivity
motion.
The
lack
standardization
from
data
acquisition
processing
perspective
makes
it
difficult
pool
multiple
studies
and/or
conduct
multisite
are
necessary
supporting
clinically
relevant
findings.
Based
on
experience
ENIGMA
MRS
work
group
review
literature,
this
manuscript
provides
an
overview
current
state
harmonization.
Key
factors
need
be
taken
into
consideration
when
conducting
both
retrospective
prospective
described.
These
include
(1)
issues
pulse
sequence,
RF
B0
calibrations,
echo
time,
SNR;
(2)
pre-processing
steps,
modeling,
quantitation;
(3)
biological
voxel
location,
age,
sex,
pathology.
Various
approaches
harmonization
then
described
including
meta-analysis,
mega-analysis,
linear
ComBat
artificial
intelligence
approaches.
goal
provide
novice
experienced
readers
with
knowledge
studies.
