Review of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Context of Cancer Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(13), P. 4301 - 4301

Published: June 27, 2023

Checkpoint proteins are an integral part of the immune system and used by tumor cells to evade response, which helps them grow uncontrollably. By blocking these proteins, checkpoint inhibitors can restore capability attack cancer stop their growth. These findings backed adequate clinical trial data presently, several FDA-approved exist in market for treating various types cancers, including melanoma, hepatocellular, endometrial, lung, kidney others. Their mode action is inhibition targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, etc. They be alone as well amalgamation with other treatments, like surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. Since drugs target only specific side effects reduced comparison traditional chemotherapy drugs, but may still cause a few affects fatigue, skin rashes, fever. In rare cases, known have caused more serious effects, such cardiotoxicity, inflammation intestines lungs. Herein, we provide overview role biomarkers, immune-related adverse outcomes studies treatment present some future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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The Evolving Landscape of Antibody–Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress

Bioconjugate Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 1951 - 2000

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate the potency of cytotoxic drugs with selectivity monoclonal antibodies, minimizing damage to healthy cells and reducing systemic toxicity. Their design allows for higher doses drug be administered, potentially increasing efficacy. They currently among most promising classes in oncology, efforts expand their application nononcological indications combination therapies. Here we provide a detailed overview recent advances ADC research consider future directions challenges promoting this platform widespread therapeutic use. We examine data from CAS Content Collection, largest human-curated collection published scientific information, analyze publication landscape reveal exploration trends documents insights into area. also discuss evolution key concepts field, major technologies, development pipelines company focuses, disease targets, stages, investment trends. A comprehensive concept map has been created based on Collection. hope report can serve as useful resource understanding current state knowledge field ADCs remaining fulfill potential.

Language: Английский

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Advancing cancer immunotherapy through siRNA-based gene silencing for immune checkpoint blockade

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 115306 - 115306

Published: April 16, 2024

Cancer immunotherapy represents a revolutionary strategy, leveraging the patient's immune system to inhibit tumor growth and alleviate immunosuppressive effects of microenvironment (TME). The recent emergence checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly following first approval cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors like ipilimumab, has led significant in cancer immunotherapy. extensive explorations on diverse antibodies have broadened therapeutic scope for various malignancies. However, clinical response these antibody-based ICB therapies remains limited, with less than 15% responsiveness notable adverse some patients. This review introduces emerging strategies overcome current limitations mainly focusing development small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based innovative delivery systems. We firstly highlight target genes siRNA-based incorporating silencing multiple boost anti-tumor responses. Subsequently, we discuss improvements siRNA systems, enhanced by nanocarriers, aimed at overcoming siRNA's challenges such as vulnerability enzymatic degradation, inadequate pharmacokinetics, possible unintended interactions. Additionally, presents combination that integrate chemotherapy, phototherapy, stimulatory checkpoints, antibodies, vaccines. important point is when used therapy, synergistic effect traditional strengthened, improving host surveillance outcomes. Conclusively, insights into effective immunotherapeutic based RNA interference (RNAi) technology utilizing nanocarriers novel approach

Language: Английский

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CD73/adenosine dynamics in treatment-induced pneumonitis: balancing efficacy with risks of adverse events in combined radio-immunotherapies

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Consolidation with PD-1/PD-L1-based immune checkpoint blockade after concurrent platinum-based chemo-radiotherapy has become the new standard of care for advanced stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In order to further improve therapy outcomes, innovative combinatorial treatment strategies aim target additional immunosuppressive barriers in tumor microenvironment such as CD73/adenosine pathway. CD73 and adenosine are known crucial endogenous regulators homeostasis inflammation, but also contribute an microenvironment. Furthermore, pathway can limit immune-activating effects cytotoxic therapies by degrading pro-inflammatory danger molecule ATP, which is released into normal tissue upon therapy-induced damage. Thus, while targeting may enhance efficacy radio-immunotherapies mitigating escape improving immune-mediated killing, it raises concerns about increased immune-related adverse events (irAEs) tissue. fact, combined bear risk irAEs lungs, pharmacologic inhibition overwhelming or overlapping pulmonary toxicity thereby outcome. This review explores how therapeutic interventions dynamics could radiation-induced activation radio-immunotherapies, whilst potentially driving lung. We specifically investigate interactions between radiotherapy radiation pneumonitis. Additionally, we compare incidence (radiation) pneumonitis reported relevant trials determine if there clinical setting. By understanding these dynamics, inform future optimizing radio-immunotherapy regimens, ensuring effective control preserving integrity patient quality life.

Language: Английский

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Nano-immunotherapy: overcoming delivery challenge of immune checkpoint therapy

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Abstract Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules expressed on tumor cells can suppress immune responses against tumors. ICP therapy promotes anti-tumor by targeting inhibitory and stimulatory pathways of like T dendritic (DC). The investigation into the combination therapies through novel inhibitors (ICIs) has been limited due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), low response rate, lack optimal strategy for combinatorial cancer immunotherapy (IMT). Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as powerful tools promote multidisciplinary cooperation. feasibility efficacy targeted delivery ICIs using NPs overcome primary barrier, improve therapeutic efficacy, provide a rationale more clinical investigations. Likewise, conjugate or encapsulate ICIs, including antibodies, RNAs, small molecule inhibitors. Therefore, combining drug system (DDS) with could profitable immunotherapeutic treatment. This article reviews significant controlled DDS current data from pre-clinical trials mono- IMT limitations. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Current Understanding on Why Ovarian Cancer Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10859 - 10859

Published: June 29, 2023

The standard treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory because recurrent episodes in the majority (~70%) patients with advanced OC. Clinical trials have shown only a modest (10-15%) response OC individuals to based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). resistance therapy caused by various factors, heterogeneity, low density tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), non-cellular cellular interactions tumor microenvironment (TME), as well network microRNA regulating pathways. Moreover, ICIs are most efficient tumors that marked high microsatellite instability mutation burden, which rare among patients. great challenge ICI implementation connected distinguishing hyper-, pseudo-, real progression disease. understanding immunological, molecular, genetic mechanisms crucial selecting group whom personalized would be beneficial. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about selected factors inducing discuss future directions ICI-based immunotherapy development for

Language: Английский

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Cytokines and soluble mediators as architects of tumor microenvironment reprogramming in cancer therapy

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 12 - 21

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Using Combination therapy to overcome diverse challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors treatment

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 3911 - 3922

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have heralded a new era in immunotherapy, representing pivotal breakthrough cancer treatment. Their impact is profound, with ICIs standing as some of the most prescribed anticancer therapies today. Notably, their ability to induce long-term remission even after treatment cessation provides genuine hope for achieving durable cures. However, despite these strides, challenges persist landscape oncology, including resistance phenomena, immune-related adverse events, and suboptimal response rates. In challenges, combination therapy emerges promising approach, poised enhance outcomes address limitations inherent single-agent ICI therapy. By synergistically targeting multiple pathways, holds potential augment therapeutic efficacy while mitigating toxicity impeding emergence mechanisms. Understanding intricacies underlying development events paramount devising novel refined strategies. A timeline showing FDA approvals shown

Language: Английский

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PARP Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: a Short Communication

Current Oncology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 103 - 113

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

In the last decade, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been approved in treatment of several cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer. This article aims to discuss current uses, limitations, future directions for PARP (PARPis) Following results OlympiAD EMBRACA trials, PARPis were HER2-negative cancer with a germline BRCA mutation. We reviewed this class drugs' mechanism action, efficacy, well further studies that discussed resistance, impaired homologous recombination repair (HRR), combination other drugs. Improving understanding HRR, increasing ability target combining novel agents are continuing increase clinical utility PARPis.

Language: Английский

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Engineering nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: Current achievements, key considerations and future perspectives

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 486, P. 150356 - 150356

Published: March 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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