Nanoparticles of Natural Product-derived Medicines: Beyond the Pandemic

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e42739 - e42739

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due respiratory complications increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines released, leading a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations limited availability effective drugs, vaccines, therapies contribute continuous transmission virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest product-derived antivirals. efficacy traditional medicines against infections examined. Their anti-inflammatory, are highlighted. discusses how enhances herbal combating infections.

Language: Английский

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Protective non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 609 - 624

Published: July 20, 2024

Recent studies show an important role for non-neutralizing anti-spike antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in robustly protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These mAbs use Fc-mediated functions such as complement activation, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity. There is untapped potential using durable antibody treatments; because of their available conserved epitopes, they may not be sensitive to virus mutations neutralizing mAbs. Here, we discuss evidence mAb-mediated protection We explore how mAb can enhanced via novel antibody-engineering techniques. Important questions remain answered regarding the characteristics protective mAbs, models assays used study, risks ensuing detrimental inflammation, well durability mechanisms protection.

Language: Английский

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Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models

动物学研究, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 747 - 766

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The distribution of the immune system throughout body complicates

Language: Английский

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Delayed viral clearance and altered inflammatory responses affect severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in aged mice

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Epidemiological investigations consistently demonstrate an overrepresentation of the elderly in COVID-19 hospitalizations and fatalities, making advanced age as a major predictor disease severity. Despite this, comprehensive understanding cellular molecular mechanisms explaining how old represents risk factor remain elusive. To investigate we compared SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes young adults (2 months) geriatric (15–22 mice. Both groups K18-ACE2 mice were intranasally infected with 500 TCID50 Delta variant analyses performed on days 3, 5, 7 post-infection (DPI). Analyses included pulmonary cytokines, lung RNA-seq, viral loads, lipidomic profiles, histological assessments, concurrent evaluation percentage reaching humane endpoints. The findings unveiled notable differences, aged exhibiting impaired clearance, reduced survival, failure to recover weight loss due infection. RNA-seq data suggested greater damage respiratory function Additionally, elderly-infected exhibited deficient antiviral response characterized by Th1-associated mediators (IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL9) diminished number macrophages, NK cells, T cells. Furthermore, mass-spectrometry analysis lipidome indicated altered expression several lipids immunomodulatory pro-resolution effects such Resolvin, HOTrEs, NeuroP, but also DiHOMEs-related ARDS. These indicate that aging affects immunity, leading prolonged infection, damage, poorer clinical outcomes. This underscores potential efficacy treatments for subjects experiencing symptoms severe COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-induced Sensory Perturbations: A Narrative Review of Clinical Phenotypes, Molecular Pathologies, and Possible Interventions

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100983 - 100983

Published: March 1, 2025

The acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been great clinical interest since the inception COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a high prevalence individuals with persistent symptoms, wholistic view effects on special sensory systems is lacking. Considering significant impact normal function quality life, goal this review to highlight unresolved issues related SARS-CoV-2-associated insults nervous system. In narrative review, we discuss epidemiology SARS-CoV-2-induced perturbations, underlying pathological mechanisms, possible therapeutic strategies across olfactory, gustatory, somatosensory, visual, auditory systems. Examined literature included studies human biospecimens, human-derived cell lines, naturally susceptible animal models, which highlighted evidence functional disruption in all was associated inflammation olfactory epithelium/bulb, somatosensory ganglia, gustatory systems, long-term transcriptional perturbations central system peripheral system, detectable degeneration/apoptosis visual Few proposed evidence-based for attenuating specific abnormalities after infection. While some extent more thoroughly investigated from symptomatology, behavioral molecular perspectives, there still an unmet need development therapeutics treat COVID-induced impairment these Further, additional attention must be placed COVID-associated lack detailed mechanistic investigations into their pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant Infection Dynamics and Pathogenesis in Transgenic K18-hACE2 and Inbred Immunocompetent C57BL/6J Mice

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 500 - 500

Published: March 30, 2025

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), persists in part due to emergence new variants. Understanding variant-specific infection dynamics and pathogenesis murine models is crucial for identifying phenotypic changes guiding development countermeasures. To address limitations earlier studies that investigated only a few variants or used small sample sizes, we evaluated clinical disease, kinetics, viral titers, cellular localization, histopathologic lungs brains transgenic B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J (“K18”) corresponding genetic control (C57BL/6J) mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). Six SARS-CoV-2 were assessed: B.1 (WA1-like), alpha, beta, delta, omicron, omicron XBB.1.5, using cohorts ≥18 mice. Following intranasal inoculation with B.1, delta variants, K18 experienced rapid weight loss reached euthanasia criteria 5–6 days post-inoculation (dpi). In contrast, inoculated both recovered their starting within 4–6 dpi. Infectious was detected oropharynx at 1 and2 dpi, 2, 4, 6 brain 4 dpi all except omicron. nucleoprotein detected, interstitial pneumonia varying severity observed infected Brain lesions identified As express hACE2 brain—a feature not present humans—we also compared three those mouse-adapted WA1 strain C57BL/6J lacking ACE2 gene. did experience lethal exhibited milder pneumonia, had no evidence neuroinvasion despite similar kinetics These findings demonstrate contrasting phenotypes across two reduced tropism pathology models. This comprehensive analysis mouse provides valuable insights model variant selection future studies.

Language: Английский

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A selective C5a-derived peptidomimetic enhances IgG response following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 immunization and confers rapid disease resolution following murine coronavirus infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 4, 2025

The host complement system is a critical component of innate immunity and serves as principal mechanism pathogen defense in mammals. EP67 an engineered decapeptide derived from the C terminus human protein C5a, which displays selective immunostimulatory activity. preferentially activates phagocyte mononuclear cells but shows minimal activity towards inflammatory granulocytes, including neutrophils. Previous studies viral infection showed that possessed antiviral efficacy when used following enhanced antibody responses to antigen challenges adjuvant. Here, we show rodent model immunization with inactivated γ-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 combination can produce elevated nucleocapsid-specific IgG antibodies compared lysate alone, supporting adaptive immune response. Additionally, intranasal administration live MHV-A59 coronavirus resulted rapid health improvement symptomatic infections PBS vehicle controls. Taken together, these results suggest betacoronaviruses adjuvant during or therapeutic active infections. Moreover, findings continue support capability agent useful peptide.

Language: Английский

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Angiotensin-(1–7) decreases inflammation and lung damage caused by betacoronavirus infection in mice

Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 immunity

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 101 - 102

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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NK cells modulate in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. e1012439 - e1012439

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in virus control. However, it has remained largely unclear whether NK cell mobilization SARS-CoV-2 infections is beneficial or pathologic. To address this deficit, we employed validated experimental depletion non-human primate (NHP) model with Delta variant B.1.617.2 challenge. Viral loads (VL), numbers, activation, proliferation, and functional measures were evaluated blood tissues. In non-depleted (control) animals, infection rapidly induced expansion, increased tissue trafficking associated VL. Strikingly, report that leads to higher VL, longer duration of viral shedding, significantly levels pro-inflammatory cytokines the lungs, overt lung damage. Overall, find first significant conclusive evidence for cell-mediated control replication disease pathology. These data indicate adjunct therapies could benefit from cell-targeted approaches.

Language: Английский

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