New approaches of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell-based therapy in gastric cancer; highlight CAR-T and CAR-NK

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Role of NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Evasion Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 857 - 857

Published: April 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance by exerting cytotoxic activity and modulating immune responses. However, tumors employ diverse evasion strategies that limit NK cell effectiveness. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of activation inhibition cancer, influence microenvironment, latest advancements cell-based immunotherapies, including adoptive transfer Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer (CAR-NK) therapies. Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies from last decade on biology, evasion, immunotherapeutic applications. The analysis includes data preclinical models clinical trials evaluating expansion strategies, cytokine-based stimulation, CAR-NK therapy developments. Results: eliminate through granule release, death receptor pathways, cytokine secretion. evade NK-mediated immunity downregulating activating ligands, secreting immunosuppressive molecules, altering microenvironment. Novel therapies, such as combination approaches with checkpoint inhibitors, enhance persistence therapeutic efficacy against both hematologic solid malignancies. Clinical suggest improved safety profiles compared CAR-T reduced release syndrome graft-versus-host disease. Conclusions: While immunotherapies hold great promise, challenges remain, limited tumor-induced immunosuppression. Addressing these hurdles will be critical for optimizing therapies advancing next-generation, off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics broader

Language: Английский

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NK cellular derived nanovesicles in tumor immunity

Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 54 - 61

Published: April 4, 2025

Natural Killer (NK) cells are a vital element of the innate immune system, and NK cell-based therapies have demonstrated efficacy against various malignancies. However, targeting solid tumors has been challenging due to low infiltration into effective evasion strategies employed by tumors. Recent studies shown that cell derived nanovesicles (NK-NV) can not only replicate functions but also offer more advantages in clinical applications. They capable transporting cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids across distances, thereby facilitating intercellular communication among within tumor microenvironment (TME). With progress nanomedical technology, these vesicles be engineered carry range functional elements therapeutic agents enhance their antitumoral capabilities. In this review, we summarize current available literature on NK-NVs, discuss potential biological role non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), explore application treatment

Language: Английский

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Gemcitabine: immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 9, 2025

Gemcitabine (GEM), a nucleoside analog chemotherapy agent, has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers. In recent years, there growing interest understanding immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive effects GEM. The roles GEM could influence anti-tumor immune responses via several mechanisms, such as modulation antigen presentation, cytokine production, and cell population. Furthermore, is evidence that enhances therapeutic efficacy immunotherapies, including oncolytic viruses, checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cells, vaccines. On other hand, accumulating also proposed may act an agent within tumor microenvironment, resulting evasion cells growth. These paradoxical modifying highlight complexity interaction with microenvironment. This review aims to provide overview microenvironment how affects cancer immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Gambogic Acid Based Coordination Polymer Reinforces High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Gynecologic Malignancies

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Abstract High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is emerging as a promising non‐invasive treatment for solid tumors. Nevertheless, HIFU may also induce the upregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP‐90), potentially resulting in resistance to HIFU. Besides, although it effective against situ tumors, challenges remain with tumor metastasis and recurrence. Herein, innovative design gambogic acid (GA) based coordination polymer—GAZn‐PEG nanoparticles (GAZn‐PEG NPs) are synthesized through GA zinc ions (Zn 2+ ), subsequently functionalized lipid bilayer incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG), sensitizing cervical ovarian cancers. Briefly, under exposure, markedly suppresses expression HSP‐90, thereby increasing tumor's sensitivity therapy. Furthermore, Zn not only overcome issue GA's poor water solubility but synergistically stimulate immune responses conjunction GA. More intriguingly, has been discovered that GAZn‐PEG can effectively activate cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway, enhancing provoked by Specifically, NPs show remarkable increase dendritic cell activation stimulation cGAS‐STING crucial long‐term protection recurrence metastasis.

Language: Английский

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