Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 817 - 817
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Despite multimodal therapies, the treatment of glioblastoma remains challenging. In addition to very complex mechanisms cancer cells, including specialized phenotypes that enable them proliferate, invade tissues, and evade immunosurveillance, they exhibit a pronounced resistance chemo- radiotherapy. More advanced tumors create hypoxic environment supports their proliferation survival, while robust angiogenesis ensures constant supply nutrients. GBM, these structures are contribute creation maintenance highly immunosuppressive microenvironment promotes tumor growth immune escape. addition, high accumulation tumor-infiltrating leukocytes other expression checkpoint molecules, low mutational burden, i.e., number neoantigens, hallmarks GBM challenge therapeutic approaches. Here, we review exploits support potential treatments. These include new chemotherapeutics, treating fields, small compounds targeting or blockers tyrosine kinases inhibit cell survival. focus on immunotherapies such as blockade in particular vaccination with dendritic cells CAR-T which can either kill directly bypass immunosuppression by modulating boosting patient's own response.
Language: Английский