Journal of Virology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 15, 2025
ABSTRACT
To
become
infectious,
assembling
enveloped
viruses
must
acquire
viral
glycoproteins
to
mediate
downstream
infection
events.
Human
immunodeficiency
virus-1
(HIV-1)
envelope
(Env)
are
well
characterized
function
as
trimers
for
membrane
fusion
and
entry;
however,
we
sought
understand
whether
the
trimeric
structure
of
Env
is
required
incorporation
into
virus
particles.
Using
superresolution
live-cell
imaging
biochemical
assays,
demonstrate
that
a
monomeric
receptor
chimera
containing
cytoplasmic
tail
(Env-CT),
known
regulate
incorporation,
sufficient
lattice
trapping
assembly
sites.
We
also
these
Env-CT
monomers
can
restrict
native
trimers,
competing
an
apparently
limited
number
interaction
sites
in
each
particle.
Furthermore,
this
construct
from
evolutionarily
distant
HIV-1
primary
isolate.
Our
findings
support
model
where
mediates
with
mechanism
being
conserved
between
clades
HIV-1.
IMPORTANCE
combat
prevalence
antiviral
resistance,
new
classes
antivirals
needed.
An
attractive
target
includes
because
released
particles
unable
obtain
non-infectious
propagate
infection.
One
requisite
development
targeting
Gag-Env
coalescence
need
define
functional
units
constituting
molecular
interface.
Although
functions
obligatory
trimer
entry,
Monomeric
displayed
saturability
lattices
ability
compete
particle
incorporation.
These
results
suggest
less
complex
mimetics
could
yield
broad
competitive
activity
against
Frontiers in Physics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: April 12, 2021
Fluorescence
correlation
spectroscopy
(FCS)
is
a
powerful
technique
for
quantification
of
molecular
dynamics,
and
it
has
been
widely
applied
in
diverse
fields,
e.g.
,
biomedicine,
biophysics,
chemistry.
By
time-correlation
the
fluorescence
fluctuations
induced
by
molecules
diffusing
through
focused
light,
FCS
can
quantitatively
evaluate
concentration,
diffusion
coefficient,
interaction
vitro
or
vivo
.
In
this
review,
basic
principle
implementation
are
introduced.
Then,
advances
variants
reviewed,
covering
dual-color
FCCS,
multi-focus
FCS,
pair
function
(pCF),
scanning
focus-reduced
SPIM-FCS,
inverse-FCS.
Besides,
applications
demonstrated
with
measurement
local
hydrodynamic
radius,
different
molecules.
Lastly,
discussion
given
summarizing
pros
cons
techniques,
as
well
outlooks
perspectives
FCS.
Annual Review of Virology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 143 - 165
Published: May 12, 2020
Virus
infection
is
an
intricate
process
that
requires
the
concerted
action
of
both
viral
and
host
cell
components.
Entry
viruses
into
cells
initiated
by
interactions
between
proteins
cell-surface
receptors.
Various
glycans
function
as
initial,
usually
low-affinity
attachment
factors,
providing
a
first
anchor
virus
to
surface,
further
facilitate
high-affinity
binding
virus-specific
receptors,
while
other
specific
entry
receptors
themselves.
It
now
possible
rapidly
identify
glycan
using
different
techniques,
define
atomic-level
structures
virus-glycan
complexes,
study
these
at
single-virion
level.
This
review
provides
detailed
overview
role
in
highlights
experimental
approaches
along
with
examples.
In
particular,
we
highlight
development
atomic
force
microscope
investigate
level
directly
on
living
mammalian
cells,
which
offers
new
perspectives
better
understand
physiologically
relevant
conditions.
Annual Review of Virology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 319 - 340
Published: Sept. 29, 2019
Viruses
manipulate
cellular
lipids
and
membranes
at
each
stage
of
their
life
cycle.
This
includes
lipid-receptor
interactions,
the
fusion
viral
envelopes
with
during
endocytosis,
reorganization
to
form
replication
compartments,
envelopment
egress
virions.
In
addition
physical
interactions
membranes,
viruses
have
evolved
lipid
signaling
metabolism
benefit
replication.
review
summarizes
strategies
that
use
in
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
5(10)
Published: Oct. 2, 2019
HIV-1
Gag
protein
assembles
at
the
plasma
membrane
of
infected
cells
for
viral
particle
formation.
targets
lipids,
mainly
PI(4,5)P2,
inner
leaflet
this
membrane.
Here,
we
address
question
whether
is
able
to
trap
specifically
PI(4,5)P2
or
other
lipids
during
assembly
in
host
CD4
Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
53(16), P. 163001 - 163001
Published: Jan. 15, 2020
Abstract
Super-resolution
microscopy
(SRM)
enables
non-invasive,
molecule-specific
imaging
of
the
internal
structure
and
dynamics
cells
with
sub-diffraction
limit
spatial
resolution.
One
its
major
limitations
is
requirement
for
high-intensity
illumination,
generating
considerable
cellular
phototoxicity.
This
factor
considerably
limits
capacity
live-cell
observations,
particularly
extended
periods
time.
Here,
we
give
an
overview
new
developments
in
hardware,
software
probe
chemistry
aiming
to
reduce
Additionally,
discuss
how
choice
biological
model
sample
environment
impacts
observations.
Fusion
of
HIV-1
with
the
membrane
its
target
cell,
an
obligate
first
step
in
virus
infectivity,
is
mediated
by
binding
viral
envelope
(Env)
spike
protein
to
receptors,
CD4
and
CCR5/CXCR4,
on
cell
surface.
The
process
fusion
appears
be
fast
compared
egress
has
not
been
visualized
EM.
To
capture
events,
must
curtailed
trapping
Env-receptor
at
intermediate
stage.
We
have
used
inhibitors
trap
virions
attached
cells
Envs
extended
pre-hairpin
state.
Electron
tomography
revealed
bound
TZM-bl
2-4
narrow
spokes,
slightly
more
spokes
present
when
evaluated
mutant
that
lacked
Env
cytoplasmic
tail.
These
results
represent
direct
visualization
hypothesized
improve
our
understanding
Env-mediated
infection
host
cells.
