Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190120 - 20190120

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

There is growing awareness that ‘nature-based solutions' (NbS) can help to protect us from climate change impacts while slowing further warming, supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. However, the potential of NbS provide intended benefits has not been rigorously assessed. are concerns over their reliability cost-effectiveness compared engineered alternatives, resilience change. Trade-offs arise if mitigation policy encourages with low value, such as afforestation non-native monocultures. This result in maladaptation, especially a rapidly changing world where biodiversity-based multi-functional landscapes key. Here, we highlight rise policy—focusing on for adaptation well mitigation—and discuss barriers evidence-based implementation. We outline major financial governance challenges implementing at scale, highlighting avenues research. As turns increasingly towards greenhouse gas removal approaches afforestation, stress urgent need natural social scientists engage makers. They must ensure achieve tackle both crisis also contributing sustainable development. will require systemic way conduct research run our institutions. article part theme issue ‘Climate ecosystems: threats, opportunities solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1518 - 1546

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS deliver multiple benefits for people nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns this is distracting from need rapidly phase out use fossil fuels protect existing intact ecosystems. also expansion forestry framed a mitigation solution coming at cost rich biodiverse native ecosystems local resource rights. Here, we discuss promise pitfalls framing its current political traction, present recommendations how get message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners researchers consider synergies trade‐offs associated follow four guiding principles enable provide society: (1) not substitute rapid fuels; (2) wide range land in sea, just forests; (3) implemented full engagement consent Indigenous Peoples communities way respects their cultural ecological rights; (4) should be explicitly designed measurable biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will design robust resilient urgent sustaining nature together, now into future.

Language: Английский

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Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 321 - 446

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

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Language: Английский

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Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Abstract Soil phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural systems will limit food and feed production in the future. Here, we combine spatially distributed global soil erosion estimates (only considering sheet rill by water) with P content for cropland soils to assess loss. The world’s are currently being depleted spite of high chemical fertilizer input. Africa (not able afford costs fertilizer) as well South America (due non-efficient organic management) Eastern Europe (for a combination two previous reasons) have highest depletion rates. In future world, an assumed absolute shortage mineral fertilizer, worldwide be between 4–19 kg ha −1 yr , average losses due water contributing over 50% total losses.

Language: Английский

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The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Mapping the effectiveness of nature‐based solutions for climate change adaptation

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 6134 - 6155

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political traction. However, national intentions deploy NbS yet be fully translated into evidence‐based targets and action on the ground. To enable policy practice better informed by science, we produced first global systematic map of evidence effectiveness nature‐based interventions for addressing impacts hydrometeorological hazards people. Most in natural or semi‐natural ecosystems were reported ameliorated adverse impacts. Conversely, involving created (e.g., afforestation) associated with trade‐offs; such studies primarily reduced soil erosion increased vegetation cover but lower water availability, although this was geographically restricted. Overall, more synergies than trade‐offs between broader ecological, social, mitigation outcomes. In addition, most often shown as effective so alternative there substantial gaps base. Notably, few cost‐effectiveness compared alternatives integrated assessments considering social ecological There also a bias toward Global North, despite communities South being generally vulnerable build resilience worldwide, it is imperative that protect harness benefits nature can provide, which only done effectively if strengthened

Language: Английский

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BrainGNN: Interpretable Brain Graph Neural Network for fMRI Analysis

Medical Image Analysis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 102233 - 102233

Published: Sept. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Coral reef ecosystem services in the Anthropocene

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 1023 - 1034

Published: March 19, 2019

Abstract Coral reefs underpin a range of ecosystem goods and services that contribute to the well‐being millions people. However, tropical coral in Anthropocene are likely be functionally different from past. In this perspective piece, we ask, what does mean for provision reefs? First, provide examples provisioning, regulating, cultural supporting underpinned by reef ecosystems. We conclude service research has lagged behind multidisciplinary advances broader science, such as an explicit recognition interactions between social ecological systems services. Second, drawing on tools functional ecology, outline how these social–ecological relationships can incorporated into mechanistic understanding might used anticipate future changes Finally, explore emergence novel services, example tropicalized coastlines, or through changing technological connections reefs. Indeed, when conceived coming system dynamics, novelty emerge elements people ecosystem. This synthesis literature suggests field is poorly prepared understand anticipated Anthropocene. A new agenda needed better connects ecology provision. should embrace more holistic approaches research, recognizing them co‐produced ecosystems society. Importantly, likelihood configurations requires further conceptualization empirical assessment. As with current loss gain will not affect all equally must understood context which they occur. With uncertainty surrounding Anthropocene, exploring benefits change great importance. plain language summary available article.

Language: Английский

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The Global Flood Protection Benefits of Mangroves

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 10, 2020

Coastal flood risks are rising rapidly. We provide high resolution estimates of the economic value mangroves forests for risk reduction every 20 km worldwide. develop a probabilistic, process-based valuation effects on averting damages to people and property. couple spatially-explicit 2-D hydrodynamic analyses with models, find that protection benefits exceeding $US 65 billion per year. If were lost, 15 million more would be flooded annually across world. Some nations receive greatest include USA, China, India Mexico. Vietnam, Bangladesh in terms protected. Many (>45) 20-km coastal stretches particularly those near cities than 250 from mangroves. These results demonstrate as natural defenses at global, national local scales, which can inform incentives mangrove conservation restoration development, climate adaptation, disaster insurance.

Language: Английский

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The fundamental links between climate change and marine plastic pollution

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 806, P. 150392 - 150392

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Plastic pollution and climate change have commonly been treated as two separate issues sometimes are even seen competing. Here we present an alternative view that these fundamentally linked. Primarily, explore how plastic contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the beginning end of its life cycle. Secondly, show more extreme weather floods associated with change, will exacerbate spread in natural environment. Finally, both occur throughout marine environment, ecosystems species can be particularly vulnerable both, such coral reefs face disease through climate-driven increased global bleaching events. A Web Science search showed studies ocean often siloed, only 0.4% articles examining stressors simultaneously. We also identified a lack regional industry-specific cycle analysis data for comparisons relative GHG contributions by materials products. Overall, suggest rather than debate over importance or pollution, productive course would determine linking factors between identify solutions combat crises.

Language: Английский

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