Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in naturally assembled communities

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(4), P. 1220 - 1245

Published: Feb. 6, 2019

ABSTRACT Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for functioning ecosystems. As such, a new ecological subfield on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) was born. This initially dominated by theoretical studies experiments which manipulated, responses ecosystem functions such as biomass production, decomposition rates, carbon sequestration, trophic interactions pollination were assessed. More recently, an increasing number have investigated BEF relationships non‐manipulated ecosystems, but reviews synthesizing our knowledge importance real‐world are still largely missing. I performed systematic review order to assess how drives both terrestrial aquatic, naturally assembled communities, important is compared other factors, including aspects community composition abiotic conditions. The outcomes 258 published studies, reported 726 relationships, revealed that many cases, promotes average production its temporal stability, success. For rates multifunctionality, positive effects outnumbered negative effects, neutral even more common. Similarly, prey pathogen herbivore damage less common than relationships. Finally, there no evidence related soil storage. Most focused taxonomic diversity, however, metrics functional diversity generally stronger predictors functioning. Furthermore, most factors (e.g. presence certain group) drivers per se . While suggest become at larger spatial scales, communities this idea too poorly studied draw general conclusions. In summary, high positively various functions. At same time, strength direction these vary highly among can be driving Thus, promote those underpin human well‐being, conservation should not only , also conditions favouring species with suitable trait combinations.

Language: Английский

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Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 118127 - 118127

Published: April 8, 2020

Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored forest soils. By altering rates input or release C from soils, management activities can influence soil stocks forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding influences 13 common practices on stocks. Afforestation former croplands generally increases stocks, whereas grasslands and peatlands, are unchanged even reduced following afforestation. The conversion primary forests to secondary reduces particularly if land converted an agricultural land-use prior reforestation. Harvesting, clear-cut harvesting, results a reduction floor upper mineral soil. Removal residues by harvesting whole-trees stumps negatively affects Soil disturbance site preparation decreases top soil, however improved growth tree seedlings may outweigh losses over rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has overall positive effect across wide range ecosystems. Likewise, higher faster accumulation occur under species with N-fixing associates. Stocks also differ different species, coniferous accumulating more broadleaved tending store There some that increased diversity could positively affect temperate subtropical forests, but identity, seems have stronger impact than diversity. Management stand density thinning small effects high populations ungulate herbivores, herbivory levels increase plant biomass for fodder fuel related Fire such as prescribed burning reduce less so wildfires which intense. For each practice, identify existing gaps knowledge suggest research address gaps.

Language: Английский

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Land-use intensity alters networks between biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(45), P. 28140 - 28149

Published: Oct. 22, 2020

Significance Ecosystem services derive from ecosystem functions and rely on complex interactions among a diversity of organisms. By understanding the relationships between biodiversity, functions, humans receive nature, we can anticipate how changes in land use will affect ecosystems human wellbeing. We show that increasing land-use intensity homogenizes synergies three organizational levels ecosystem, namely, services. Increasing keystone components, which are important for functioning alters trade-offs Our approach provides comprehensive view identify key attributes to monitor order prevent critical shifts ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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A high-resolution canopy height model of the Earth

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 1778 - 1789

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Abstract The worldwide variation in vegetation height is fundamental to the global carbon cycle and central functioning of ecosystems their biodiversity. Geospatially explicit and, ideally, highly resolved information required manage terrestrial ecosystems, mitigate climate change prevent biodiversity loss. Here we present a comprehensive canopy map at 10 m ground sampling distance for year 2020. We have developed probabilistic deep learning model that fuses sparse data from Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) space-borne LiDAR mission with dense optical satellite images Sentinel-2. This retrieves canopy-top Sentinel-2 anywhere on Earth quantifies uncertainty these estimates. Our approach improves retrieval tall canopies typically high stocks. According our map, only 5% landmass covered by trees taller than 30 m. Further, find 34% are located within protected areas. Thus, can serve ongoing efforts forest conservation has potential foster advances climate, modelling.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the heterogeneity and nonlinearity of trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services bundles in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 101103 - 101103

Published: April 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the relationships between ecosystem services and social-ecological drivers at different spatial scales in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 290, P. 125193 - 125193

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Terrain gradient variations in ecosystem services of different vegetation types in mountainous regions: Vegetation resource conservation and sustainable development

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 482, P. 118856 - 118856

Published: Dec. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Widespread slow growth of acquisitive tree species

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem service synergies/trade-offs informing the supply-demand match of ecosystem services: Framework and application

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 100939 - 100939

Published: May 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Above‐ and below‐ground biodiversity jointly regulate temperate forest multifunctionality along a local‐scale environmental gradient

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 108(5), P. 2012 - 2024

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

Abstract Tree diversity has been shown to promote a broad range of ecosystem functions in forests. However, how important these effects are driving multifunctionality natural forests, relative other drivers, such as below‐ground biodiversity (e.g. soil microbial diversity), community‐level functional traits and environmental conditions, remains poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that tree species or phylogenetic (PD), stand structure, jointly regulate temperate forest (FM) along local‐scale gradient. Using repeated census data from 25‐ha old‐growth forest, first quantified eight properties related above‐ nutrient cycling. We then used estimate using both averaging multiple threshold (50%, 75% 95%) approaches. Finally, structural equation models explore different facets (tree species, PD) (bacteria, fungi nematode diversity) influence multifunctionality, well relationships modulated by attributes conditions (topography nutrients). Forest was positively complexity but negatively acquisitive (i.e. community‐weighted mean specific leaf area). Plant PD had no significant direct effect on FM, it indirect via increased complexity. The FM with increasing levels outperformed at the highest level 95%). Forests steep slopes lower due decreased Soil nutrients were responsible for regulating plant trait composition and, lesser extent, diversity, structure diversity. Synthesis . PD, regulated influenced changes conditions. key driver highly multifunctional whereas conservation complex conservative dominance could enhance values functions.

Language: Английский

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