Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2020

Abstract Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life therefore resilience dry conditions may be crucial long-term survival. We assessed how growth severe droughts, including its components resistance recovery, is related ability survive future by using a tree-ring database of surviving now-dead from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). found that, across variety regions species sampled, that died water shortages were less resilient previous non-lethal relative coexisting same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk associated with lower (low capacity impact initial drought), while it reduced recovery attain pre-drought rates) in gymnosperms. The different strategies these two taxonomic groups open new avenues improve our understanding prediction drought-induced

Language: Английский

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Widespread drought‐induced tree mortality at dry range edges indicates that climate stress exceeds species' compensating mechanisms

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 3793 - 3802

Published: July 19, 2019

Drought-induced tree mortality is projected to increase due climate change, which will have manifold ecological and societal impacts including the potential weaken or reverse terrestrial carbon sink. Predictions of remain limited, in large part because within-species variations ecophysiology plasticity adaptation ecosystem adjustments could buffer dry locations. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis 50 studies spanning >100 woody plant species globally quantify how populations within vary vulnerability drought whether functional traits mediate patterns. We find that predominantly occurs drier this pattern more pronounced with xylem can tolerate highly negative water potentials, typically considered be an adaptive trait for regions, experience higher variability stress. Our results indicate stress has exceeded physiological ecosystem-level tolerance compensating mechanisms by triggering extensive at range edges provides foundation future projections empirical distribution mechanistic vegetation models.

Language: Английский

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Short-interval wildfire and drought overwhelm boreal forest resilience

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2019

Abstract The size and frequency of large wildfires in western North America have increased recent years, a trend climate change is likely to exacerbate. Due fuel limitations, recently burned forests resist burning for upwards 30 years; however, extreme fire-conducive weather enables reburning at shorter fire-free intervals than expected. This research quantifies the outcomes short-interval reburns upland wetland environments northwestern Canadian boreal identifies an interactive effect post-fire drought. Despite adaptations wildfire amongst plants, paired short- long-interval sites were significantly different, with having lower stem densities trees due reduced conifer recruitment, higher proportion broadleaf trees, less residual organic material, herbaceous vegetation cover. Drought reinforced changes proportions tree species decreases reinforcing non-resilient responses reburning. Drier warmer will increase incidence amplify ecological such events cause, as activity drought synergistically. These interacting disturbances accelerate climate-driven forest structure composition. Our findings identify processes ongoing future climate-sensitive biome.

Language: Английский

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Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4521 - 4537

Published: May 10, 2020

Abstract Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects droughts on trees are difficult disentangle given inherent complexity drought events (frequency, severity, duration, timing during growing season). Besides, might be modulated by trees’ phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected long‐term local selective pressures management legacies. Here we investigated magnitude temporal changes tree‐level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, resilience) Moreover, assessed tree‐, site‐, drought‐related factors their interactions driving We used a tree‐ring network widely distributed Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) along 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain northern Germany. found that decreased mid‐elevation low productivity sites 1980–1999 2000–2011 likely due more frequent severe later period. Our study showed impact was not dependent its location, but rather type were at growth performances variability growth) predrought significant interactive between duration tree prior drought, suggesting with higher long term vulnerable our results indicate experienced over less resistant We, therefore, conclude physiological constrained longer periods may overstrain potential for acclimation.

Language: Английский

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Acute Drought Is an Important Driver of Bark Beetle Infestation in Austrian Norway Spruce Stands

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: July 17, 2019

Infestations of Norway spruce by the Eurasian bark beetle Ips typographus have recently caused peaks in salvaged timber Central European forests. Apart from extensive breeding material due to abiotic disturbance, increased spring and summer temperatures as well precipitation deficits are presumably key drivers population dynamics. In this study, we investigated influence effective temperature sums, chronic acute drought stress, stand characteristics for explaining salvage logging attack stands Austrian Federal Forests. We retrospectively simulated transpiration deficit proxy use monitoring tool PHENIPS-TDEF, a well-proven phenology model, combined with an additional hydrological module developed simulating (TDEF) forest stands. Overall, found that infestation occurred more frequently high share spruce, age density. The probability ongoing attacks was significantly higher subject previous year. Chronically dry described inventory database growing on shallow, xeric, low moisture soil conditions, were less prone across all enterprises. However, indicated significant predictor attacks, especially geographically located warmer drier areas country. Although importance TDEF parameters differed geographic location observation period, clear increase 2015 principally linked year's actual deficits. conclude our results absence severe disturbance combination ample host availability, favorable conditions development, disposition trees stress can intensify growth very likely lead mass outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Assisted tree migration can preserve the European forest carbon sink under climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 845 - 852

Published: July 25, 2024

Abstract Climate change threatens the role of European forests as a long-term carbon sink. Assisted migration aims to increase resilience forest tree populations climate change, using species-specific climatic limits and local adaptations through transferring seed provenances. We modelled assisted scenarios for seven main species analysed effects provenance selection, accounting environmental genetic variations, on annual above-ground sink regrowing juvenile forests. To resilience, coniferous trees need be replaced by deciduous over large parts their distribution. If provenances are used, this would result in decrease current (40 TgC yr −1 ) 34–41% 2061–2080. However, if adapted future climates sinks could maintained or even increased 48–60 .

Language: Английский

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Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(10), P. 2075 - 2086

Published: Dec. 2, 2019

Abstract Global climate change and shifting land‐use are increasing plant stress due to abiotic factors such as drought, heat, salinity cold, well via the intensification of biotic stressors herbivores pathogens. The ability plants tolerate stresses is modulated by bacteria fungi that live on or inside tissues comprise microbiome. However, impacts diverse classes beneficial members microbiome contrasting impact most commonly studied independently each other. Our meta‐analysis 288 experiments across 89 studies moves beyond previous in we simultaneously compare roles bacterial versus fungal within colonize surfaces ameliorating sources stress. magnitude microbial amelioration can be measured greater proportional microbes performance more stressful environments. In examine, substantial: it 23% effect size typical 56% absence amount benefit confer differs among microbes, depending whether grown non‐stressful stress, tend benefits than do fungi. symbiotic fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal strongly ameliorate bacteria. particular, salinity, foliar herbivory pathogen These results highlight fact antagonistic components depend environmental contexts. Furthermore, critical for health environments thus present opportunities mitigate negative consequences global change. A free plain language summary found Supporting Information this article.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating genomic data for management of local adaptation in a changing climate: A lodgepole pine case study

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 116 - 131

Published: Sept. 17, 2019

We evaluate genomic data, relative to phenotypic and climatic as a basis for assisted gene flow genetic conservation. Using seedling common garden trial of 281 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) populations from across western Canada, we compare data assess their effectiveness in characterizing the drivers spatial scale local adaptation this species. find that phenotype-associated loci are equivalent or slightly superior climate describing traits, but have not been selected associations. also agreement between variables associated with variation 20-year heights long-term provenance trial, suggesting may be viable option identifying where unavailable. Genetic clines experimental traits occur at broad scales, standing adaptive alleles similar species does require management scales finer than those indicated by data. This study demonstrates most useful when paired can fill some traditional roles which trials feasible.

Language: Английский

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A review of measuring ecosystem resilience to disturbance

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 053008 - 053008

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Abstract Resilience is the central concept for understanding how an ecosystem responds to a strong perturbation, and related other concepts used analyze system properties in face of change such as resistance, recovery, sustainability, vulnerability, stability, adaptive capacity, regime shift, tipping point. It extremely challenging formulate resilience thinking into practice. The current state-of-art approaches assessing may be useful policy makers resource managers minimize climatological or natural disaster impacts. Here, we review methods classify limit them three cases: (a) forest based mainly on remote sensing tree-ring data; (b) soil microbial community laboratory field studies; (c) hydrological terrestrial biomes Budyko framework climate data.

Language: Английский

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Continental‐scale tree‐ring‐based projection of Douglas‐fir growth: Testing the limits of space‐for‐time substitution

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 5146 - 5163

Published: May 20, 2020

Abstract A central challenge in global change research is the projection of future behavior a system based upon past observations. Tree‐ring data have been used increasingly over last decade to project tree growth and forest ecosystem vulnerability under climate conditions. But how can response variation predict future, when does not look like past? Space‐for‐time substitution (SFTS) one way overcome problem extrapolation: at given location warmer assumed follow today. Here we evaluated an SFTS approach projecting Douglas‐fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), species that occupies exceptionally large environmental space North America. We fit hierarchical mixed‐effects model capture ring‐width variability spatial temporal climate. found opposing gradients for productivity sensitivity with highest rates weakest interannual mesic coastal part Douglas‐fir's range; narrower rings stronger occurred across semi‐arid interior. Ring‐width versus temperature was opposite sign, suggesting productivity, caused by local adaptation other slow processes, cannot be anticipate changes rapid change. thus substituted only sensitivities growth. Growth declines were projected much distribution, largest relative decreases semiarid U.S. Interior West smallest Pacific Northwest. further highlight strengths modeling reviving conceptual cornerstone dendroecology, Cook's 1987 aggregate model, great potential use tree‐ring networks results as calibration target next‐generation vegetation models.

Language: Английский

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