Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: May 18, 2022
Abstract
We
present
the
results
of
a
GWAS
food
liking
conducted
on
161,625
participants
from
UK-Biobank.
Liking
was
assessed
over
139
specific
foods
using
9-point
scale.
Genetic
correlations
coupled
with
structural
equation
modelling
identified
multi-level
hierarchical
map
food-liking
three
main
dimensions:
“Highly-palatable”,
“Acquired”
and
“Low-caloric”.
The
Highly-palatable
dimension
is
genetically
uncorrelated
other
two,
suggesting
that
independent
processes
underlie
high
reward
foods.
This
confirmed
by
genetic
MRI
brain
traits
which
show
distinct
associations.
Comparison
corresponding
consumption
shows
correlation,
while
exhibits
twice
heritability.
analysis
1,401
significant
associations
showed
substantial
agreement
in
direction
effects
11
cohorts.
In
conclusion,
we
created
comprehensive
determinants
associated
neurophysiological
factors
food-liking.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(10), P. 4001 - 4008
Published: July 26, 2022
Abstract
Alcohol’s
impact
on
telomere
length,
a
proposed
marker
of
biological
aging,
is
unclear.
We
performed
the
largest
observational
study
to
date
(in
n
=
245,354
UK
Biobank
participants)
and
compared
findings
with
Mendelian
randomization
(MR)
estimates.
Two-sample
MR
used
data
from
472,174
participants
in
recent
genome-wide
association
(GWAS)
length.
Genetic
variants
were
selected
basis
associations
alcohol
consumption
(
941,280)
use
disorder
(AUD)
57,564
cases).
Non-linear
employed
individual
data.
analyses
suggested
causal
relationship
between
traits,
more
strongly
for
AUD,
Higher
genetically-predicted
AUD
(inverse
variance-weighted
(IVW)
β
−0.06,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI):
−0.10
−0.02,
p
0.001)
was
associated
shorter
There
weaker
alcoholic
drinks
weekly
(IVW
−0.07,
CI:
−0.14
−0.01,
0.03).
Results
consistent
across
methods
independent
smoking.
indicated
potential
threshold
Our
indicate
that
may
shorten
are
implications
age-related
diseases.
PLoS Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(2), P. e1003897 - e1003897
Published: Feb. 3, 2022
Background
Epidemiological
studies
have
reported
conflicting
findings
on
the
potential
adverse
effects
of
long-term
antihypertensive
medication
use
cancer
risk.
Naturally
occurring
variation
in
genes
encoding
drug
targets
can
be
used
as
proxies
for
these
to
examine
effect
their
therapeutic
inhibition
disease
outcomes.
Methods
and
We
performed
a
mendelian
randomization
analysis
association
between
genetically
proxied
3
risk
4
common
cancers
(breast,
colorectal,
lung,
prostate).
Single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
ACE
,
ADRB1
SLC12A3
associated
(
P
<
5.0
×
10
−8
)
with
systolic
blood
pressure
(SBP)
genome-wide
(GWAS)
were
proxy
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE),
β-1
adrenergic
receptor
(ADRB1),
sodium-chloride
symporter
(NCC),
respectively.
Summary
genetic
estimates
SNPs
obtained
from
GWAS
consortia
following
cancers:
breast
(122,977
cases,
105,974
controls),
colorectal
(58,221
67,694
lung
(29,266
56,450
prostate
(79,148
61,106
controls).
Replication
analyses
FinnGen
consortium
(1,573
120,006
Cancer
data
restricted
individuals
European
ancestry.
Inverse-variance
weighted
random-effects
models
associations
cancer.
Multivariable
colocalization
employed
robustness
violations
assumptions.
Genetically
equivalent
1-mm
Hg
reduction
SBP
was
increased
odds
(odds
ratio
(OR)
1.13,
95%
CI
1.06
1.22;
=
3.6
−4
).
This
finding
replicated
(OR
1.40,
1.02
1.92;
0.035).
There
little
evidence
0.98,
0.94
1.02,
0.35),
1.01,
0.92
1.10;
0.93),
or
1.06,
0.99
1.13;
0.08).
NCC
not
cancers.
The
primary
limitations
this
include
modest
statistical
power
relation
some
less
histological
subtypes
examined
restriction
majority
participants
Conclusions
In
study,
we
observed
that
an
cancer,
warranting
comprehensive
evaluation
safety
profiles
inhibitors
clinical
trials
adequate
follow-up.
support
across
other
target–cancer
analyses,
consistent
short-term
randomized
controlled
medications.
Diabetologia,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
65(8), P. 1364 - 1374
Published: April 28, 2022
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
is
a
major
health
burden
disproportionately
affecting
those
with
lower
educational
attainment
(EA).
We
aimed
to
obtain
causal
estimates
of
the
association
between
EA
and
type
quantify
mediating
effects
known
modifiable
risk
factors.We
applied
two-step,
two-sample
multivariable
Mendelian
randomisation
(MR)
techniques
using
SNPs
as
genetic
instruments
for
exposure
mediators,
thereby
minimising
bias
due
confounding
reverse
causation.
leveraged
summary
data
on
genome-wide
studies
EA,
proposed
mediators
(i.e.
BMI,
blood
pressure,
smoking,
television
watching)
diabetes.
The
total
effect
was
decomposed
into
direct
indirect
through
multiple
mediators.
Additionally,
traditional
mediation
analysis
performed
in
subset
National
Health
Nutrition
Examination
Survey
2013-2014.EA
inversely
associated
(OR
0.53
each
4.2
years
schooling;
95%
CI
0.49,
0.56).
Individually,
largest
contributors
were
BMI
(51.18%
mediation;
46.39%,
55.98%)
watching
(50.79%
19.42%,
82.15%).
Combined,
explained
83.93%
(95%
70.51%,
96.78%)
EA-type
association.
Traditional
yielded
smaller
but
showed
consistent
direction
priority
ranking
mediators.These
results
support
potentially
protective
against
diabetes,
considerable
by
number
factors.
Interventions
these
factors
thus
have
potential
substantially
reducing
attributable
low
EA.
BMC Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Feb. 2, 2022
Abstract
Background
We
aimed
to
map
and
describe
the
current
state
of
Mendelian
randomization
(MR)
literature
on
cancer
risk
identify
associations
supported
by
robust
evidence.
Methods
searched
PubMed
Scopus
up
06/10/2020
for
MR
studies
investigating
association
any
genetically
predicted
factor
with
risk.
categorized
reported
based
a
priori
designed
levels
evidence
supporting
causal
into
four
categories,
namely
,
probable
suggestive
insufficient
significance
concordance
main
analysis
results
at
least
one
MR-Egger,
weighed
median,
MRPRESSO,
multivariable
analyses.
Associations
not
presenting
aforementioned
sensitivity
analyses
were
graded.
Results
included
190
publications
reporting
4667
Most
(3200;
68.6%)
accompanied
assessed
Of
1467
evaluable
analyses,
87
(5.9%)
275
(18.7%)
89
(6.1%)
The
most
prominent
observed
anthropometric
indices
breast,
kidney,
endometrial
cancers;
circulating
telomere
length
lung,
osteosarcoma,
skin,
thyroid,
hematological
sex
steroid
hormones
breast
cancer;
lipids
endometrial,
ovarian
cancer.
Conclusions
Despite
large
amount
research
factors
risk,
limited
are
causality.
did
present
thus
non-evaluable.
Future
should
focus
more
thorough
assessment
transparent
reporting.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: May 18, 2022
Abstract
We
present
the
results
of
a
GWAS
food
liking
conducted
on
161,625
participants
from
UK-Biobank.
Liking
was
assessed
over
139
specific
foods
using
9-point
scale.
Genetic
correlations
coupled
with
structural
equation
modelling
identified
multi-level
hierarchical
map
food-liking
three
main
dimensions:
“Highly-palatable”,
“Acquired”
and
“Low-caloric”.
The
Highly-palatable
dimension
is
genetically
uncorrelated
other
two,
suggesting
that
independent
processes
underlie
high
reward
foods.
This
confirmed
by
genetic
MRI
brain
traits
which
show
distinct
associations.
Comparison
corresponding
consumption
shows
correlation,
while
exhibits
twice
heritability.
analysis
1,401
significant
associations
showed
substantial
agreement
in
direction
effects
11
cohorts.
In
conclusion,
we
created
comprehensive
determinants
associated
neurophysiological
factors
food-liking.
