Microplastics affect sedimentary microbial communities and nitrogen cycling

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 12, 2020

Abstract Microplastics are ubiquitous in estuarine, coastal, and deep sea sediments. The impacts of microplastics on sedimentary microbial ecosystems biogeochemical carbon nitrogen cycles, however, have not been well reported. To evaluate if influence the composition function communities, we conducted a microcosm experiment using salt marsh sediment amended with polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane foam (PUF) or polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics. We report that presence alters community cycling processes. Compared to control sediments without microplastic, PUF- PLA-amended promote nitrification denitrification, while PVC amendment inhibits both These results indicate processes can be significantly affected by different microplastics, which may serve as organic substrates for communities. Considering this evidence increasing microplastic pollution, impact plastics global merits critical investigation.

Language: Английский

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy era

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 842 - 859

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Annals of Global Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 86(1), P. 151 - 151

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Background: Pollution – unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity is the largest environmental cause of disease in world today. It responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion capital, degradation ecosystems. Ocean pollution important, but insufficiently recognized inadequately controlled component global pollution. poses serious threats health well-being. The nature magnitude these impacts are only beginning be understood. Goals: (1) Broadly examine known potential ocean on health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, public threats. (3) Propose priorities interventions control prevent seas safeguard Methods: Topic-focused reviews that effects health, identify gaps knowledge, project future trends, offer evidence-based guidance effective intervention. Environmental Findings: oceans widespread, worsening, most countries poorly controlled. a complex mixture toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical agricultural runoff, sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. reaches through rivers, atmospheric deposition direct discharges. often heaviest near coasts highly concentrated along low- middle-income countries. Plastic rapidly increasing visible pollution, 10 metric tons plastic enter each year. Mercury metal pollutant greatest concern oceans; it two main sources coal combustion small-scale gold mining. Global spread industrialized agriculture with use chemical fertilizer leads extension Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants ubiquitous contaminate marine organisms high Arctic abyssal depths. Ecosystem has multiple negative ecosystems, exacerbated climate change. Petroleum-based reduce photosynthesis microorganisms generate oxygen. Increasing absorption carbon dioxide into causes acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing at base food web, increases toxicity some pollutants. threatens mammals, fish, seabirds accumulates large mid-ocean gyres. breaks down microplastic nanoplastic particles containing chemicals can tissues organisms, including species consumed humans. Industrial releases, sewage increase frequency severity HABs, bacterial anti-microbial resistance. sea surface warming triggering poleward migration dangerous pathogens such as Vibrio species. discharges, contribute declines fish stocks. Human Health Methylmercury PCBs whose best Exposures infants in utero maternal consumption contaminated seafood damage developing brains, IQ children's risks autism, ADHD learning disorders. Adult exposures methylmercury cardiovascular dementia. Manufactured phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, perfluorinated many them disrupt endocrine signaling, male fertility, nervous system, risk cancer. HABs produce potent toxins accumulate shellfish. When ingested, severe neurological impairment rapid death. HAB also become airborne respiratory disease. Pathogenic bacteria gastrointestinal diseases deep wound infections. With change infections, cholera, will extend new areas. All fall disproportionately vulnerable populations South injustice planetary scale. Conclusions: problem. crosses national boundaries. consequence reckless, shortsighted, unsustainable exploitation earth's resources. endangers impedes production Its great growing, still incompletely costs counted. prevented. Like all forms deploying data-driven strategies based law, policy, technology, enforcement target priority Many have used tools air water now applying Successes achieved date demonstrate broader feasible. Heavily polluted harbors been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, reefs restored. Prevention creates benefits. boosts economies, tourism, helps restore fisheries, improves advances Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits last centuries. Recommendations: World leaders who recognize gravity acknowledge its growing dangers, engage society public, take bold, action stop source critical preventing safeguarding key. Eliminating banning uses mercury Bans single-use better management persistent organic (POPs) reduced DDT. Control treatment sewage, applications fertilizers mitigated coastal reducing HABs. National, regional programs adequately funded backed strong shown effective. Robust monitoring essential track progress. Further hold promise include wide-scale transition renewable fuels; circular economy little focuses equity rather endless growth; embracing principles green chemistry; building scientific capacity Designation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) protect stocks, enhance Creation MPAs important manifestation commitment protecting seas.

Language: Английский

Citations

566

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Single-cell analyses reveal key immune cell subsets associated with response to PD-L1 blockade in triple-negative breast cancer

Yuanyuan Zhang, Hongyan Chen, Hongnan Mo

et al.

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(12), P. 1578 - 1593.e8

Published: Oct. 16, 2021

In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the benefit of combining chemotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is still not very clear. We utilize single-cell RNA- and ATAC-sequencing to examine immune cell dynamics in 22 patients advanced TNBC treated paclitaxel or its combination anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab. demonstrate that high levels baseline CXCL13+ T cells are linked proinflammatory features macrophages can predict effective responses therapy. responsive patients, lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, follicular B (Bfoc) conventional type 1 dendritic (cDC1) concertedly increase following therapy, but instead decrease after monotherapy. Our data highlight importance therapies suggest their reduction by regimen may compromise clinical outcomes accompanying atezolizumab for treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

504

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Weathering of microplastics and interaction with other coexisting constituents in terrestrial and aquatic environments

Jiajun Duan,

Nanthi Bolan, Yang Li

et al.

Water Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 117011 - 117011

Published: March 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

477

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The technological landscape and applications of single-cell multi-omics

Alev Baysoy, Zhiliang Bai, Rahul Satija

et al.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 695 - 713

Published: June 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

461

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Compositional and orientational control in metal halide perovskites of reduced dimensionality

Rafael Quintero‐Bermudez, Aryeh Gold‐Parker, Andrew H. Proppe

et al.

Nature Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 900 - 907

Published: Sept. 6, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

414

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Droplet-based combinatorial indexing for massive-scale single-cell chromatin accessibility

Caleb A. Lareau, Fabiana M. Duarte,

Jennifer Chew

et al.

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 37(8), P. 916 - 924

Published: June 24, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

410

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From contact electrification to triboelectric nanogenerators

Zhong Lin Wang

Reports on Progress in Physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 84(9), P. 096502 - 096502

Published: June 10, 2021

Although the contact electrification (CE) (or usually called 'triboelectrification') effect has been known for over 2600 years, its scientific mechanism still remains debated after decades. Interest in studying CE recently revisited due to invention of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are most effective approach converting random, low-frequency mechanical energy (called high entropy energy) into electric power distributed applications. This review is composed three parts that coherently linked, ranging from basic physics, through classical electrodynamics, technological advances and engineering First, mechanisms studied general cases involving solids, liquids gas phases. Various physics models presented explain fundamentals by illustrating electron transfer dominant solid-solid interfaces. Electron also occurs at liquid-solid liquid-liquid An electron-cloud overlap model proposed general. extended interfaces, leading a revision formation double layer Second, adding time-dependent polarization term

Language: Английский

Citations

393

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pyGenomeTracks: reproducible plots for multivariate genomic datasets

Lucille Lopez‐Delisle,

Leily Rabbani,

Joachim Wolff

et al.

Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 422 - 423

Published: July 27, 2020

Abstract Motivation Generating publication ready plots to display multiple genomic tracks can pose a serious challenge. Making desirable and accurate figures requires considerable effort. This is usually done by hand or using vector graphic software. Results pyGenomeTracks (PGT) modular plotting tool that easily combines tracks. It enables reproducible standardized generation of highly customizable images. Availability implementation PGT available through graphical interface on https://usegalaxy.eu the command line. provided conda via bioconda channel, pip it openly developed github: https://github.com/deeptools/pyGenomeTracks. Supplementary information data are at Bioinformatics online.

Language: Английский

Citations

387

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