New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 124(13), P. 7098 - 7146

Published: June 25, 2019

Abstract New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in complex processes leading to of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air quality, weather, and climate. This review provides a brief history, synthesizes recent significant progresses, outlines challenges future directions for research relevant NPF. developments include emergence state‐of‐the‐art instruments that measure prenucleation clusters newly nucleated down about 1 nm; systematic laboratory studies multicomponent nucleation systems, including collaborative experiments conducted Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at CERN; observations NPF different types forests, extremely polluted urban locations, coastal sites, polar regions, high‐elevation sites; improved theories parameterizations account atmospheric models. The lack understanding fundamental chemical mechanisms responsible aerosol growth under diverse environments, effects SO 2 NO x on NPF, contribution anthropogenic organic compounds It is also critical develop can detect composition particles from 3 20 nm improve represent over wide range conditions precursor, temperature, humidity.

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 127 - 179

Published: Feb. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Aqueous production of secondary organic aerosol from fossil-fuel emissions in winter Beijing haze

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(8)

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by atmospheric oxidation of primary emitted precursors is a major contributor to fine particulate matter (PM

Language: Английский

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Climate Forcing and Trends of Organic Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2)

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 4323 - 4351

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) includes three main atmospheric configurations: the Atmosphere 6 (CAM6) with simplified chemistry and a organic aerosol (OA) scheme, CAM6 comprehensive tropospheric stratospheric representation (CAM6‐chem), Whole Climate (WACCM6). Both, CAM6‐chem WACCM6 include more secondary aerosols (SOA) approach using Volatility Basis Set (VBS) scheme prognostic aerosols. This paper describes different OA schemes available in configurations of CESM2 discusses differences burden resulting climate forcings. Derived trends differ due to formation approaches. Regional Aerosol Optical Depth larger values occur over SOA source regions. Stronger increasing between 1960 2015 compared are biogenic emissions aligned surface temperatures. Using further leads improved comparisons aircraft observations ≈143 Tg/yr. We use identify contributions from biogenic, fossil fuel, biomass burning emissions, quantify amounts these sources. Increasing result Biogenic at least two thirds total burden. In addition, fuel become important, largest Southeast Asia. estimated anthropogenic forcing for 1995–2010 conditions is −0.43 W/m , mostly direct effect.

Language: Английский

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Chemical characterization of oxygenated organic compounds in the gas phase and particle phase using iodide CIMS with FIGAERO in urban air

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 8455 - 8478

Published: June 3, 2021

Abstract. The atmospheric processes under polluted environments involving interactions of anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions lead to the formation various complex secondary products. Therefore, characterization oxygenated organic compounds in urban areas remains a pivotal issue our understanding evolution carbon. Here, we describe measurements an iodide chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer installed with Filter Inlet for Gases AEROsols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS) both gas phase particle at site Guangzhou, typical megacity southern China, during autumn 2018. Abundant containing two five oxygen atoms were observed, including acids, multi-functional typically emitted from biomass burning, oxidation products biogenic hydrocarbons aromatics. Photochemistry played dominant roles gaseous acids isoprene-derived nitrates, while nighttime chemistry contributed significantly monoterpene-derived nitrates inorganics. Nitrogen-containing occupied significant fraction total signal phases, elevated fractions higher molecular weights. Measurements by FIGAERO-I-CIMS explained 24 ± 0.8 % aerosol measured (AMS), increased more aged aerosol. systematical interpretation spectra area Guangzhou provides holistic view numerous atmosphere, which can serve as reference future field regions.

Language: Английский

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Tropical and Boreal Forest – Atmosphere Interactions: A Review

Tellus B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 24 - 24

Published: March 25, 2022

This review presents how the boreal and tropical forests affect atmosphere, its chemical composition, function, further that affects climate and, in return, ecosystems through feedback processes. Observations from key tower sites standing out due to their long-term comprehensive observations: The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory Central Amazonia, Zotino Siberia, Station Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations at Hyytiäla Finland. is complemented by short-term observations networks large experiments. discusses atmospheric chemistry observations, aerosol formation processing, physiochemical aerosol, cloud condensation nuclei properties finds surprising similarities important differences two ecosystems. concentrations are similar, particularly concerning main components, both dominated an organic fraction, while ecosystem has generally higher of inorganics, influence long-range transported air pollution. emissions biogenic volatile compounds isoprene monoterpene regions, respectively, being precursors fraction. modeling studies show change deforestation such carbon hydrological cycles Amazonia changing neutrality precipitation downwind. In Africa, so far maintaining sink. It urgent better understand interaction between these major ecosystems, climate, which calls for more observation sites, providing data on water, carbon, other biogeochemical cycles. essential finding a sustainable balance forest preservation reforestation versus potential increase food production biofuels, critical services global stability. Reducing warming vital forests.

Language: Английский

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Joint Impacts of Acidity and Viscosity on the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Isoprene Epoxydiols (IEPOX) in Phase Separated Particles

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. 2646 - 2658

Published: Oct. 31, 2019

Isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is mainly formed through acid-catalyzed reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) onto sulfate particles. The effect IEPOX-derived SOA on the physicochemical properties existing aerosols and resulting capacity for further formation remains unclear. This study systematically examined influences phase state, morphology, acidity pre-existing particles, as well their implications reactivity evolution these By combining thermodynamic viscosity modeling, our predictions show that change drastically after IEPOX uptake, with becoming less acidic (increasing by up to 1.5 pH units) more viscous 7 orders magnitude, thereby significantly reducing diffusion time scale molecules inside Decreased increased co-contribute a self-limiting where newly inhibits additional multiphase chemical reactions IEPOX. relative contribution inhibitory versus depends initial ratio IEPOX-to-inorganic aerosol, which differs between geographic regions. Moreover, reduced kinetic limitation leading lower hydronium ions slower mixing times may impede other processes SOA. highlights important interconnections physical particles come from interactions inorganic components, jointly influence atmospheric aerosols.

Language: Английский

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Chemical composition and hydrolysis of organic nitrate aerosol formed from hydroxyl and nitrate radical oxidation of α-pinene and β-pinene

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(19), P. 12749 - 12766

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric organic nitrate (ON) is thought to play a crucial role in the formation potential of ozone and aerosol, which are leading air pollutants concern across world. Limited fundamental knowledge understanding life cycles ON currently hinder ability quantitatively assess its impacts on these pollutants. Although hydrolysis considered an important loss mechanism based prior field measurement studies, this process for atmospherically relevant has not been well constrained by laboratory studies. In comprehensive study, we investigated chemical composition particulate (pON) formed from oxidation α-pinene β-pinene hydroxyl (OH⚫) radicals (NO3⚫). For pON that undergoes hydrolysis, lifetime determined be no more than 30 min all systems explored. This significantly shorter those reported previous chamber studies (i.e., 3–6 h) but consistent with bulk solution 0.02–8.8 h). The discrepancy appears stem choice proxy used estimate lifetime. measured hydrolyzable fractions (FH) + OH⚫, NO3⚫, NO3⚫ 23 %–32 %, 27 %–34 9 %–17 %–15 respectively. While very low FH system expected OH⚫ surprisingly lower predicted past Overall, as obtained study serve experimentally parameters required regional global transport models accurately evaluate nitrogen budget aerosol.

Language: Английский

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High concentration of ultrafine particles in the Amazon free troposphere produced by organic new particle formation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(41), P. 25344 - 25351

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Significance The high-altitude tropics constitute one of the world’s largest aerosol reservoirs, which may significantly affect clouds, radiation, and hydrological cycle by delivering seeds on clouds form to lower altitudes maintaining stratospheric background. However, formation mechanisms these aerosols remain a scientific mystery. Through systematic experiment-based model representation organic chemistry new particle (NPF) combined with constraints from field measurements, we demonstrate that NPF driven extremely low volatility organics formed biogenic emissions plays key role in producing large number observed Amazon. This mechanism likely also prevailed during preindustrial times hence modulate anthropogenic forcing above baseline.

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 542 - 584

Published: May 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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