ISME Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
1(1)
Published: June 1, 2021
Nitrification
is
a
central
process
in
the
global
nitrogen
cycle,
carried
out
by
complex
network
of
ammonia-oxidizing
archaea
(AOA),
bacteria
(AOB),
complete
(comammox)
bacteria,
and
nitrite-oxidizing
(NOB).
responsible
for
significant
leaching
N2O
emissions
thought
to
impede
plant
use
efficiency
agricultural
systems.
However,
actual
contribution
each
nitrifier
group
net
rates
remain
poorly
understood.
We
hypothesized
that
highly
fertile
soils
with
high
organic
matter
mineralization
could
allow
detailed
characterization
N
cycling
these
soils.
Using
combination
molecular
activity
measurements,
we
show
mixed
AOA,
AOB,
comammox
community,
AOA
outnumbered
low
diversity
assemblages
AOB
50-
430-fold,
strongly
dominated
nitrification
activities
yields
between
0.18
0.41
ng
N2O-N
per
µg
NOx-N
cropped,
fallow,
as
well
native
soil.
were
not
significantly
different
plant-covered
fallow
plots.
Mass
balance
calculations
indicated
plants
relied
heavily
on
nitrate,
ammonium
primary
source
Together,
results
imply
integral
part
cycle
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
26(1), P. 103 - 118
Published: Oct. 22, 2019
Abstract
Oxidation
of
ammonia
to
nitrite
by
bacteria
and
archaea
is
responsible
for
global
emissions
nitrous
oxide
directly
indirectly
through
provision
and,
after
further
oxidation,
nitrate
denitrifiers.
Their
contributions
increasing
N
2
O
are
greatest
in
terrestrial
environments,
due
the
dramatic
continuing
increases
use
ammonia‐based
fertilizers,
which
have
been
driven
requirement
increased
food
production,
but
also
provide
a
source
energy
oxidizers
(AO),
leading
an
imbalance
nitrogen
cycle.
Direct
production
AO
results
from
several
metabolic
processes,
sometimes
combined
with
abiotic
reactions.
Physiological
characteristics,
including
mechanisms
vary
within
between
ammonia‐oxidizing
(AOA)
(AOB)
comammox
yield
AOB
higher
than
other
two
groups.
There
strong
evidence
niche
differentiation
AOA
respect
environmental
conditions
natural
engineered
environments.
In
particular,
favored
low
soil
pH
are,
respectively,
rates
ammonium
supply,
equivalent
application
slow‐release
fertilizer,
or
high
addition
concentrations
inorganic
urea.
These
differences
potential
better
fertilization
strategies
that
could
both
increase
fertilizer
efficiency
reduce
agricultural
soils.
This
article
reviews
research
on
biochemistry,
physiology
ecology
discusses
consequences
communities
subjected
different
practices
ways
this
knowledge,
coupled
improved
methods
characterizing
communities,
might
lead
mitigation
emissions.
Water Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
190, P. 116723 - 116723
Published: Dec. 4, 2020
Aerobic
ammonium
oxidizing
bacteria
were
first
isolated
more
than
100
years
ago
and
hydroxylamine
is
known
to
be
an
intermediate.
The
enzymatic
steps
involving
conversion
nitrite
are
still
under
discussion.
For
a
long
time
it
was
assumed
that
directly
converted
by
oxidoreductase.
Recent
evidences
suggest
the
actual
product
of
NO
third,
yet
unknown,
enzyme
further
converts
nitrite.
More
recently,
archaea
complete
identified.
Still
central
nitrogen
metabolism
these
microorganisms
presents
researchers
same
puzzle:
how
transformed
Nitrogen
losses
in
form
N2O
have
been
identified
all
three
types
aerobic
play
significant
role
formation.
Yet,
pathways
factors
promoting
greenhouse
gas
emissions
fully
characterized.
Hydroxylamine
also
plays
poorly
understood
on
anaerobic
inhibit
bacteria.
In
this
review,
elusive
intermediate
different
key
players
cycle
discussed,
as
well
putative
importance
metabolite
for
microbial
interactions
within
communities
engineered
systems.
Overall,
putting
together
acquired
knowledge
about
over
setting
potential
hypothesis
highlighting
possible
next
research.
The ISME Journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 272 - 283
Published: July 27, 2021
Abstract
Nitrification,
the
oxidation
of
ammonia
to
nitrate,
is
an
essential
process
in
biogeochemical
nitrogen
cycle.
The
first
step
nitrification,
oxidation,
performed
by
three,
often
co-occurring
guilds
chemolithoautotrophs:
ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria
(AOB),
archaea
(AOA),
and
complete
oxidizers
(comammox).
Substrate
kinetics
are
considered
be
a
major
niche-differentiating
factor
between
these
guilds,
but
few
AOA
strains
have
been
kinetically
characterized.
Here,
kinetic
properties
12
representing
all
cultivated
phylogenetic
lineages
were
determined
using
microrespirometry.
Members
genus
Nitrosocosmicus
lowest
affinity
for
both
total
ammonium
any
characterized
AOA,
values
similar
previously
affinities
AOB.
This
contrasts
previous
assumptions
that
possess
much
higher
substrate
than
their
comammox
or
AOB
counterparts.
correlated
with
cell
surface
area
volume
ratios.
In
addition,
measurements
across
range
pH
supports
hypothesis
that—like
AOB—ammonia
not
monooxygenase
enzyme
comammox.
Together,
data
will
facilitate
predictions
interpretation
oxidizer
community
structures
provide
robust
basis
establishing
testable
hypotheses
on
competition
AOB,
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: March 17, 2022
Abstract
Wetland
soils
are
the
greatest
source
of
nitrous
oxide
(N
2
O),
a
critical
greenhouse
gas
and
ozone
depleter
released
by
microbes.
Yet,
microbial
players
processes
underlying
N
O
emissions
from
wetland
poorly
understood.
Using
in
situ
measurements
determining
structure
potential
functional
communities
645
soil
samples
globally,
we
examined
role
archaea,
bacteria,
fungi
nitrogen
(N)
cycling
emissions.
We
show
that
higher
drained
warm
soils,
correlated
with
diversity
further
provide
evidence
despite
their
much
lower
abundance
compared
to
nitrifying
archaeal
is
key
factor
explaining
globally.
Our
data
suggest
ongoing
global
warming
intensifying
environmental
change
may
boost
nitrifiers,
collectively
transforming
greater
O.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(34), P. 12557 - 12570
Published: Aug. 17, 2023
Microbial
nitrite
oxidation
is
the
primary
pathway
that
generates
nitrate
in
wastewater
treatment
systems
and
can
be
performed
by
a
variety
of
microbes:
namely,
nitrite-oxidizing
bacteria
(NOB).
Since
NOB
were
first
isolated
130
years
ago,
understanding
phylogenetical
physiological
diversities
has
been
gradually
deepened.
In
recent
endeavors
advanced
biological
nitrogen
removal,
have
more
considered
as
troublesome
disruptor,
strategies
on
suppression
often
fail
practice
after
long-term
operation
due
to
growth
specific
are
able
adapt
even
harsh
conditions.
line
with
review
history
currently
known
genera,
phylogenetic
tree
constructed
exhibit
wide
range
different
phyla.
addition,
behavior
metabolic
performance
strains
summarized.
These
features
various
(e.g.,
high
oxygen
affinity
